Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.Douce, Francis
History
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.
Douce, Francis
Clowns -- England -- History -- 16th century; Clowns in literature; Exempla in literature; Fools and jesters -- England -- History -- 16th century; Fools and jesters in literature; Gesta Romanorum; Manners and customs in literature; Morris dance; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Characters -- Clow
Mr. Steevens has in this edition cancelled a brother commentator's
note, which ought on every account to have been retained, and has
himself attempted to show that a _shroud_ and not a _coffin_ of cypress
or cyprus is intended. It is no easy matter, from the ambiguity of the
word, to decide the question. The cypress tree was used by the ancients
for funeral purposes, and dedicated to Pluto. As it was not liable
to perish from rottenness, it appears to have been used for coffins.
See Mr. Gough's Introduction to _Sepulchral monuments_, p. lxvi. In
Quarles's _Argalus and Parthenia_, book iii., a knight is introduced,
whose
"... horse was black as jet,
His furniture was round about beset
With branches, slipt from the _sad cypresse tree_."
In further behalf of the wood, it may be worth remarking that the
expression _laid_ seems more applicable to a coffin than to a shroud,
in which a party may with greater propriety be said to be _wrapped_;
and also that the shroud is afterwards expressly mentioned by itself.
It is nevertheless very certain that the fine linen called Cyprus,
perhaps from being originally manufactured in the island of that name,
was used for shrouds. In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Mary's,
Cambridge, mention is made of _a sypyrs kyrcher belonging to the
cross_. In this instance there being the figure of a dead body on the
cross, the cyprus was designed as a shroud.
SCENE 5. Page 88.
MAL. By my life, this is my lady's hand: these be her very C's, her
U's, and her T's, and thus makes she her great P's.
Mr. Ritson having with great probability supplied the _whole_ direction
of the letter, there seems to be no foundation left for Blackstone's
conjecture. Malvolio had no motive for any _coarse_ allusion. With
respect to the instance of the letter in _All's well that ends well_
not being recited literally by Helen, it must be recollected that there
was no reason for making her do so, as she talks in _blank verse_; and
it would therefore have been improper that she should have given more
than the _substance_ of the letter.
SCENE 5. Page 93.
MAL. ... and wish'd to see thee _cross-gartered_.
Of this fashion but few vestiges remain; a circumstance the more
remarkable, as it must have been at one time extremely common among
the beaux in Elizabeth's reign. In the English edition of Junius's
_Nomenclator_, 1585, 12mo, mention is made of "hose garters, going
_acrosse_, or over-thwart, both above and below the knee." In the
old comedy of _The two angrie women of Abingdon_, 1599, 4to, a
_serving-man_ is thus described:
"... hee's a fine neate fellow,
A spruce slave, I warrant ye, he'ele have
His cruell _garters crosse about the knee_."
SCENE 5. Page 94.
MAL. I will be _point-de-vice_ [_device_].
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