Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian AmericaCassin, John
Science
Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
Cassin, John
Birds -- North America
The Eagle mentioned in the History of the Expedition of Lewis and
Clarke, as cited in a preceding page, we are inclined to suspect to be
the present species, but should not be surprised if it should be
ascertained by succeeding naturalists to be the adult of the Washington
Eagle.
The great Eagle now before us has never been observed as yet by an
American voyager, and few specimens only are contained in European
museums. The only specimen in the United States is that in the
collection of the Philadelphia Academy from which the drawing was made
for the present plate.
We have added as a suitable conclusion of our present article a
translation of the original account of this Eagle as given by Pallas,
and which will be found in his Zoology of Asiatic Russia, as cited
above:
“Steller, worthy of a better fate, first observed this remarkable
species, and in his manuscripts briefly described it. Now, also, I have
before me an elegantly prepared specimen from my friend Billings, who,
with the last navigator, explored the ocean between Kamschatka and
America. This very large bird is frequent in the islands between
Kamschatka and the American continent, especially in the islands noted
for the unfortunate shipwreck and death of Bering. It appears very
rarely in Kamschatka itself. In the highest rocks overhanging the sea,
it constructs a nest of two ells in diameter, composed of twigs of fruit
and other trees, gathered from a great distance, and strewed with grass
in the centre, in which are one or two eggs, in form, magnitude and
whiteness, very like those of a Swan. The young is hatched in the
beginning of June, and has an entirely white woolly covering. While
Steller was cautiously viewing such a nest from a precipice, the parents
darted with such unforeseen impetuosity as nearly to throw him headlong;
the female having been wounded, both flew away, nor did they return to
the nest which was watched for two days. But, as if lamenting, they
often sat on an opposite rock. It is a kind of bird, bold, very cunning,
circumspect, observant, and of savage disposition. Steller saw a Fox
(_Vulpes lagopodus_) carried off by one and dashed upon the rocks, and
afterwards torn in pieces. It lives also on dead substances cast up by
the sea, and various offscourings of the ocean.”
DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL OBSERVATIONS.
Genus Haliaëtus. Savigny, Description of Egypt, Zoology, p. 85,
(1809.)
Size, large. Bill, strong, straight at the base, hooked and very sharp
at the point, sides of the bill compressed, margin of upper mandible,
slightly festooned. Wings rather long and pointed, formed for rapid and
vigorous flight; tail moderate. Tarsi short, very strong, and with the
toes, covered with scales; claws very strong, curved and sharp. About
ten or twelve species known, which are scattered throughout the surface
of the globe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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