Abductions by white persons in the South 153 Abductions by white persons of the North 154 The Missouri raid of John Brown 162 John Brown's great plan 166 Abductions attempted in response to appeals 168 Devotees of abduction 178 CHAPTER VII Life of the Colored Refugees in Canada Slavery question in Canada 190 Flight of slaves to Canada 192 Refugees representative of the slave class 195 [xviii]Misinformation about Canada among slaves 197 Hardships borne by Canadian refugees 198 Efforts toward immediate relief for fugitives 199 Attitude of the Canadian government 201 Conditions favorable to their settlement in Canada 203 Sparseness of population 203 Uncleared lands 204 Encouragement of agricultural colonies among refugees 205 Dawn Settlement 205 Elgin Settlement 207 Refugees' Home Settlement 209 Alleged disadvantages of the colonies 211 Their advantages 212 Refugee settlers in Canadian towns 217 Census of Canadian refugees 220 Occupations of Canadian refugees 223 Progress made by Canadian refugees 224 Domestic life of the refugees 227 School privileges 228 Organizations for self-improvement 230 Churches 231 Rescue of friends from slavery 231 Ownership of property 232 Rights of citizenship 233 Character as citizens 233 CHAPTER VIII Fugitive Settlers in the Northern States Number of fugitive settlers in the North 235 The Northern states an unsafe refuge for runaway slaves 237 Reclamation of fugitives in the free states 239 Protection of fugitives in the free states 242 Object of the personal liberty laws 245 Effect of the law of 1850 on fugitive settlers 246 Underground operators among fugitives of the free states 251 [xix]CHAPTER IX Prosecutions of Underground Railroad Men Enactment of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 254 Grounds on which the constitutionality of the measure was questioned 254 Denial of trial by jury to the fugitive slave 255 Summary mode of arrest 257 The question of concurrent jurisdiction between the federal and state governments in fugitive slave cases 259 The law of 1793 versus the Ordinance of 1787 261 Power of Congress to legislate concerning the extradition of fugitive slaves denied 263 State officers relieved of the execution of the law by the Prigg decision, 1842 264 Amendment of the law of 1793 by the law of 1850 265 Constitutionality of the law of 1850 questioned 267 First case under the law of 1850 268 Authority of a United States commissioner 269 Penalties imposed for aiding and abetting the escape of fugitives 273 Trial on the charge of treason in the Christiana case, 1854 279 Counsel for fugitive slaves 281 Last case under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 285 Attempted revision of the law 285 Destructive attacks upon the measure in Congress 286 Lincoln's Proclamation of Emancipation 287 Repeal of the Fugitive Slave Acts 288 CHAPTER X The Underground Railroad in Politics Valuation of the Underground Railroad in its political aspect 290 The question of the extradition of fugitive slaves in colonial times 290