Importance of the question in the constitutional conventions 293 Failure of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 294 Agitation for a more efficient measure 295 Diplomatic negotiations for the extradition of colored refugees from Canada, 1826-1828 299 The fugitive slave a missionary in the cause of freedom 300 [xx]Slave-hunting in the free states 302 Preparation for the abolition movement of 1830 303 The Underground Railroad and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 308 The law in Congress 310 The enforcement of the law of 1850 316 The Underground Road and Uncle Tom's Cabin 321 Political importance of the novel 323 Sumner on the influence of escaped slaves in the North 324 The spirit of nullification in the North 327 The Glover rescue, Wisconsin, 1854 327 The rendition of Burns, Boston, 1854 331 The rescue of Addison White, Mechanicsburg, Ohio, 1857 334 The Oberlin-Wellington rescue, 1858 335 Obstruction of the Fugitive Slave Law by means of the personal liberty acts 337 John Brown's attempt Lo free the slaves 338 CHAPTER XI Effect of the Underground Railroad The Underground Road the means of relieving the South of many despairing slaves 340 Loss sustained by slave-owners through underground channels 340 The United States census reports on fugitive slaves 342 Estimate of the number of slaves escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860 346 Similar estimate for Philadelphia, 1830-1860 346 Drain on the resources of the depot at Lawrence, Kansas, described in a letter of Col. J. Bowles, April 4, 1859 347 Work of the Underground Railroad as compared with that of the American Colonization Society 350 The violation of the Fugitive Slave Law a chief complaint of Southern states at the beginning of the Civil War 351 Refusal of the Canadian government to yield up the fugitive Anderson, 1860 352 Secession of the Southern states begun 353 Conclusion of the fugitive slave controversy 355 General effect and significance of the controversy 356 ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES AND MAPS The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin receiving a company of fugitives in the outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio Frontispiece FACING PAGE Isaac T. Hopper 17 The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on handbills advertising escaped slaves 27 Crossing-place on the Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio 47 The Rankin House, Ripley, Ohio 47 Facsimile of an Underground Message On page 57 Barn of Seymour Finney, Detroit, Michigan 65 The Old First Church, Galesburg, Illinois 65 William Still 75 Levi Coffin 87 Frederick Douglass 104 Caves in Salem Township, Washington County, Ohio 130 House of Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Valley Falls, Rhode Island 130 The Detroit River at Detroit, Michigan 147 Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio 147 Ellen Craft as she escaped from Slavery 163 Samuel Harper and Wife 163 Dr. Alexander M. Ross 180 Harriet Tubman 180 Group of Refugee Settlers at Windsor, Ontario, C.W. 190 Theodore Parker 205 Thomas Wentworth Higginson 205 Dr. Samuel G. Howe 205 Benjamin Drew 205