Chapter V. Of the Import of Propositions. § 1. Doctrine that a proposition is the expression of a relation between two ideas 96 2. Doctrine that it is the expression of a relation between the meanings of two names 99 3. Doctrine that it consists in referring something to, or excluding something from, a class 103 4. What it really is 107 5. It asserts (or denies) a sequence, a coexistence, a simple existence, a causation 110 6. —or a resemblance 112 7. Propositions of which the terms are abstract 115 [Pg xiii] Chapter VI. Of Propositions merely Verbal. § 1. Essential and Accidental propositions 119 2. All essential propositions are identical propositions 120 3. Individuals have no essences 124 4. Real propositions, how distinguished from verbal 126 5. Two modes of representing the import of a Real proposition 127 Chapter VII. Of the Nature of Classification, and the Five Predicables. § 1. Classification, how connected with Naming 129 2. The Predicables, what 131 3. Genus and Species 131 4. Kinds have a real existence in nature 134 5. Differentia 139 6. Differentiæ for general purposes, and differentiæ for special or technical purposes 141 7. Proprium 144 8. Accidens 146 Chapter VIII. Of Definition. § 1. A definition, what 148 2. Every name can be defined, whose meaning is susceptible of analysis 150 3. Complete, how distinguished from incomplete definitions 152 4. —and from descriptions 154 5. What are called definitions of Things, are definitions of Names with an implied assumption of the existence of Things corresponding to them 157 6. —even when such things do not in reality exist 165 7. Definitions, though of names only, must be grounded on knowledge of the corresponding Things 167 [Pg xiv] BOOK II. OF REASONING. Chapter I. Of Inference, or Reasoning, in general. § 1. Retrospect of the preceding book 175 2. Inferences improperly so called 177 3. Inferences proper, distinguished into inductions and ratiocinations 181 Chapter II. Of Ratiocination, or Syllogism. § 1. Analysis of the Syllogism 184 2. The dictum de omni not the foundation of reasoning, but a mere identical proposition 191 3. What is the really fundamental axiom of Ratiocination 196 4. The other form of the axiom 199 Chapter III. Of the Functions, and Logical Value, of the Syllogism. § 1. Is the syllogism a petitio principii? 202 2. Insufficiency of the common theory 203 3. All inference is from particulars to particulars 205 4. General propositions are a record of such inferences, and the rules of the syllogism are rules for the interpretation of the record 214 5. The syllogism not the type of reasoning, but a test of it 218 6. The true type, what 222 7. Relation between Induction and Deduction 226 8. Objections answered 227 9. Of Formal Logic, and its relation to the Logic of Truth 231