Some of these laws did not define the term “runaway slave”. Others in an attempt to avoid confusion gave clear explanations of the term. Such an act was passed by Connecticut in 1690, specifying that any Indian, mulatto or negro servants and slaves wandering outside the place to which they belonged without a ticket of leave or pass in writing from some assistant or justice of the peace or from their owner, were to be considered runaways and treated as such.[776] New Jersey, in 1713, considered as runaways any negro, mulatto or Indian slave who was five miles from his master’s habitation without written leave of absence from his owner, and any such slave found in New Jersey but belonging to another province was declared a runaway.[777] South Carolina, by the act of 1690, considered as a runaway any negro or Indian slave absent from his master’s plantation (no distance specified), without a written ticket of leave unless in company with a white man.[778] To discourage aid and assistance being given fugitive slaves, the colonies specified by legislative acts the punishment to follow such offense. On June 14, 1705, Lord Cornbury, in his opening speech to the New York assembly, expressed his opinion regarding the necessity for passing an act to prevent negro, Indian and mulatto slaves running away from their masters.[779] An act of the common council of Albany, 1686, forbade all persons harboring negro or Indian slaves in their houses without the owners’ consent.[780] Pennsylvania, 1726, decreed a fine of five shillings for the first hour and one shilling for every hour afterward that any person should harbor or entertain any runaway negro, Indian or mulatto slave.[781] Virginia, by the act of 1705, specified a fine of £100 for any shipmaster transporting any negro, mulatto or Indian slave out of the colony without permission of the owner.[782] South Carolina, also, by an act of 1690, levied forty shillings fine on any one not attempting to apprehend a negro or Indian slave coming into his plantation without a ticket of leave from his master or not accompanied by a white man.[783]