Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Since it was found that certain Indian villages harbored fugitive
Indians, the Confederation, September 5, 1646, decided that such
villages might be raided and the inhabitants carried off, women and
children being spared as far as possible, and declared that “because
it will be chargeable keeping Indians in prison and, if they should
escape, they are liable to prove more insolent and dangerous after,
it was thought fit that upon such seizure ... the magistrates of the
jurisdiction deliver up the Indian seized to the party or parties
indamaged, either to serve or to be shipped out and exchanged for
negroes, as the cause will justly bear.”[789] In the same year the
commissioners of the United Colonies sent a letter to Governor Kieft
of New Netherland demanding the return of an Indian captive “fled from
her master at Hartford” and “entertained in your house at Hartford
and, though required by the magistrate, ... under the hands of your
agent there denied ... and said to have been either married or abused
by one of your men”. “Such a servant,” they declared, “is part of her
master’s estate and a more considerable part than a beast.” Kieft
refused to give up the Indian woman, and replied: “as concerns the
barbarian handmaid”, it is “apprehended by some, that she is no slave,
but a freewoman, because she was neither taken in war, nor bought
with price, but was in former times placed with me by her parents for
education”.[790] By the intercolonial treaty of September 19, 1650, the
provision of the articles of confederation concerning fugitive slaves
was extended so as to include the intercourse of the New Englanders and
the Dutch.[791] Another fugitive slave law similar to that of 1643 was
contained in the articles of confederation of the United Colonies in
1672.[792]
Similar events involved New York and Pennsylvania. In 1723, some Seneca
Indians trading in South Carolina carried away an Indian slave boy
belonging to an Englishman there. The governor of New York charged
the Seneca with the act and demanded that the slave boy be returned.
The Seneca acknowledged that they were among the party who took the
slave boy, said that he had been given to some Susquehanna Indians,
and requested the governor to ask for him there.[793] An undated
letter of William Penn to the Susquehanna Indians regarding some
Indian slaves taken from the people of New York by them, refers to a
similar incident. In it Penn mentions the people of New York having
twice appealed to him regarding an Indian woman and boy, both slaves,
bought in New York from the governor of Carolina, which the Susquehanna
Indians had taken away. Penn urged the Susquehanna to deliver the
slaves to his messenger that they might be put on board a vessel and
returned to New York.[794]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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