Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The agricultural system of New England was not favorable to the use
of slaves in the fields, yet there are occasional glimpses of Indian
slaves employed in agricultural pursuits. In the account book of
Lieutenant Stephen Longfellow, 1710, appears the item: “Bouston one day
to plant”. Bouston was his Indian slave.[887] It has been considered
probable, judging from the number of negro and Indian slaves in Rhode
Island, that both were an important factor in developing the stock
farming of the colony.[888] The newspaper advertisements of the day
offer some information on this point: “A Carolina Indian man fit for
any service within doors or without”;[889] “An Indian boy about sixteen
years old, fit for either sea or land service”;[890] “An Indian man ...
fit for any service”;[891] “A Survanam Indian man, twenty-five years
of age, who has been in the country thirteen years, fit for service in
either country or town, and who can mow well”.[892]
In all the southern colonies Indian slaves worked in the fields side
by side with the negroes up to the time of the Revolution.[893] The
discovery, about 1693, of rice as a profitable staple for export, made
necessary a large supply of labor in South Carolina; hence along with
the negroes so largely imported to meet the demand, the Indian slaves
worked also as the plantation system grew. In South Carolina, Governor
Moore employed some of his Indian slaves in tilling his fields.[894]
The instances of Indian slaves employed by their owners in manual
occupations are more numerous in New England than elsewhere. The
newspapers furnish instances like the following: “An Indian lad about
eighteen years old, a cooper by trade”[895] “... can do anything at
the carpenter’s trade”;[896] “An Indian lad ... he can work at the
weaver’s trade”.[897] Similar advertisements are found in the New York
papers: “An Indian man ... a good carpenter, wheelwright, cooper and
butcher”.[898]
Such instances are to be found even in the south.[899] The training of
Indian slaves to skilled labor was not generally considered politic,
however, since it interfered with the coming to the colonies of white
craftsmen who were so much desired. In 1743 or 1744, a committee in
South Carolina, appointed to consider the most effectual means of
increasing immigration to the province, included in the bill which it
originated, a clause prohibiting the bringing up of negroes and other
slaves to those mechanical trades in which white persons are usually
employed.[900]
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