In all of the colonies the conduct of Indian slaves as well as that of other slaves was necessarily subject to police regulations, and punishments were decreed for their violation. These regulations did not differ greatly in the various colonies, for the problems arising from the use of slaves varied but little in their nature. Among the prohibitions laid on Indian slaves specifically were the following: to be away from home without the owner’s permission;[962] the possession of fire arms;[963] and engaging in certain kinds of traffic.[964] Boston decreed, 1728, that no Indian, negro or mulatto should carry stick or cane within the town.[965] In 1778, when forming its first proposed constitution, Massachusetts excepted from the franchise “negroes, Indians and mulattoes, bound and free”.[966] In an act of 1660 the Connecticut general court declared that neither negro nor Indian servants should be required to “train, watch or ward”.[967] In 1676, New York City excluded all Indian and negro slaves from the privilege of being carters, and in the same year passed an act to prevent the revels of Indian and negro slaves at inns.[968] An ordinance of the Albany city council, 1686, forbade any negro or Indian slave to drive a cart within the city.[969] A New York act of 1731, also, provided for regulating the conduct of negroes and Indians in the night time.[970] Few of the acts of colonial legislatures decreeing punishment for various offenses mention Indian slaves; yet in the following colonies the death penalty was to be inflicted upon Indian slaves convicted of certain crimes:[971] by North Carolina, in 1741, for the second offense of killing horses, cattle or hogs, and for stealing, mismarking or misbranding such animals;[972] by New Jersey, in 1713, for murder, or conspiracy, or attempt to murder,[973] and in 1768, for rape, for wilfully burning any dwelling-house, barn, stable, outhouse, stacks of corn or hay, for wilfully mutilating, maiming or dismembering any person, for manslaughter, for stealing any sum of money above the value of £5, and for committing any felony or burglary.[974] Branding as a punishments for Indian slaves was decreed by the Massachusetts general court. Runaway Pequot slaves were so punished.[975] Judging from the descriptions of runaway Indian slaves contained in the colonial newspapers, some form of branding or marking such culprits was used until a late period. These brands or marks sometimes took the form of letters or symbols pricked into the skin by gunpowder or India ink. They were placed usually on the forehead or the cheeks.[976]