[94] _Ibid._, xliii, p. 293. [95] _Ibid._, 1, p. 115. [96] Bartram, _op. cit._, p. 186. [97] La Hontan, _op. cit._, ii, p. 613. [98] Bartram, _op. cit._, p. 186. [99] La Hontan, _op. cit._, ii, p. 474. These freed slaves were accustomed to go each day to visit their former masters’ graves to offer pipes and tobacco in acknowledgment of their freedom. [100] Hodge, _op. cit._, pt. ii, p. 598. [101] _Ibid._, pt. ii, p. 599. [102] _Ibid._ For the Iroquois, see Carr, _op. cit._, p. 18; Margry, _op. cit._, v, p. 8; _Jesuit Relations_, lxii, p. 63. For the western Indians, see Hennepin, _op. cit._, p. 509; _Jesuit Relations_, lxix, p. 59. For the northern Indians, see Catesby, _op. cit._, ii. p. xiii (editor’s note). [103] Hennepin, _op. cit._, ii, p. 508. [104] _Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_, 1893–1894, p. cxii. [105] Brickell, _op. cit._, p. 321; Lawson, _op. cit._, p. 323; Catesby, _op. cit._, ii, p. xiii. [106] _Jesuit Relations_, liv, p. 237. [107] La Hontan, _op. cit._, ii, p. 508. [108] _Wisconsin Historical Society Collections_, xvi, p. 46. [109] The holding of slaves by the Indians continued long after colonial times. It naturally died out first in the east, with the growth in power of the whites and the consequent decrease in the numbers and strength of the Indians. The Indians of the Columbia River country held slaves till well into the nineteenth century. These they procured by trading beads and furs with the interior tribes. Franchère’s _Narrative_, in Thwaites, _Early Western Travels_, vi, p. 324; xxix, p. 242; xxx, p. 111. The Blackfeet, Cayuse, Crows, and Ute were accustomed to keep the women taken in war as slaves, (_Ibid._, xxiii, p. 118); and other neighboring tribes did the same. Travelers in Oregon in 1846 found that the Oregon Indians enslaved their war captives, and that they made war for the purpose of obtaining slaves. _Ibid._, xxix, p. 124. The Toungletat, who inhabited Vancouver Island, at the same time had Indian slaves, captives in war. _Ibid._, xxix, p. 149. The tribes of the section south of the Columbia River country were given over to the same custom. Both here, and in the Columbia River country, the Indians were heavy gamblers, and not infrequently staked their own freedom in their games. _Ibid._, xxx, p. 161; xxvii, p. 171; Parker, _Journey Beyond the Rocky Mountains_, p. 53. The Indians of the extreme northwest held slaves in 1840. Considerable numbers were owned by the chiefs. These were worth thirty blankets each, and were generally purchased from the natives of Queen Charlotte Island, the great slave mart of the northwest coast. Bancroft, _History of the Northwest Coast_, ii, pp. 647–649.