Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The existence of barter or trade among the different tribes, and among
individuals of the same or different tribes, as a means of obtaining
slaves has been already noted. Hence it follows that slaves, along
with wampum, furs, etc., served as a medium of exchange in trade.
Furthermore, they served as gifts or objects of barter whereby captives
belonging to the possessor’s tribe might be obtained, and by which an
unfriendly tribe or individual might be placated. They were given to
the whites to win their favor and friendship.[73] This use of slaves
to purchase peace with a stronger tribe was noted by Tonti in the case
of the Illinois and Iroquois. The Illinois were too weak to cope with
the Iroquois on a certain occasion owing to their young men being away
at war, and so by the gift of beaver skins and slaves they were able to
arrange a peace.[74] Dubuisson, the French commander in the war of 1712
between the French and allied Indians, and the Ottogami and Mascouten,
records a similar use made of their slaves by the Indian allies of the
French as a means of appeasing the Potawatami for an old quarrel.[75]
From the area about Green Bay in the present State of Wisconsin, De
Lignery wrote in 1724 of bringing the warring tribes to an amicable
settlement through an interchange of slaves.[76] Other French
commanders in the same section used the same means to regain peace. Not
only to each other, but to whites as well, were slaves given in order
to make reparation for losses in war. In 1684, the Indians offered Du
Luth slaves to take the place of some assassinated Frenchmen.[77] In
1724, the Indians at Detroit offered the French commander, by way of
truce, two slaves for the same purpose.[78] When slaves were desired
for such use, if the tribe possessed none, a raid was often made upon
an enemy in order to obtain them. At the time of certain disturbances
around Detroit, the Indians in the peace arrangements promised the
French that they would make raids on distant nations to obtain slaves
whom they would deliver to the French allies to replace their dead.[79]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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