Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
In 1539, Soto himself landed in the Bay of Espiritu Santo in Florida
for the purpose of conquest. He had served under Pizarro in Peru, and
his methods were those learned from his master.[123] To insure success
all opposition must be overcome, so, with the expedition were taken
blood-hounds, chains and iron collars for the catching and holding
of Indian slaves.[124] The expedition was military in nature, hence
it was natural that force and conquest should precede conciliation.
There is no doubt that one of the purposes of Soto was to capture
Indian slaves. He had chosen as his lieutenant, a rich resident of the
town of Trinidad in Cuba, Vasco Porcallo de Figueroa, who had come to
Florida with the object of obtaining Indian slaves for his estates. But
slaves were not easily obtainable near the coast, so Porcallo returned
home shortly after.[125] Soto himself was a slave owner. Among his
possessions in Cuba were Indian slaves, whom he employed as herdsmen
and in getting gold. In some cases, the Indian chiefs through whose
territories Soto and his men were passing, furnished slaves. At other
times, they, both men and women, were taken by force. Narrators relate
the capture and distribution of such women in groups of one hundred to
three hundred.[126] Among the captives were a queen and a cacique.[127]
After the survivors of Soto’s expedition had reached Mexico, Viceroy
Mendoza dispatched the Franciscan, Fray Marcos de Niza, in 1539, to
inform the native tribes that an effectual stop had been put to the
enslavement of the Indians. Some of the friar’s party reached Hawaikuh,
the southernmost of the seven cities of Cibola. The account which the
friar gave on his return, induced the viceroy to send out another
expedition in the following year, 1540. The command of this was given
to Francisco Vasquez de Coronado.[128]
But Coronado did not carry out the intention of Mendoza regarding the
Indians. The records of his expedition do not indicate the number of
his slaves as equal to that in Soto’s expedition, yet Coronado was
a man of his time, and Mendoza was ultra humanitarian. When Tiguex
was conquered and plundered, March, 1541, Coronado imprisoned and
made servants of all the people, one hundred and fifty men, women and
children who were in it.[129]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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