Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Still other Spanish expeditions were nothing more than slave raids or
kidnapping excursions. In 1520, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, a wealthy
resident of Hispaniola, determined to send out a ship for the purpose
of exploring the section north of that covered by Ponce de Leon in
1513. His caravel met among the Bahamas a second ship sent out by
another resident of Hispaniola to obtain Indian slaves. The two vessels
joined company, and proceeded toward the continent, which they reached
June 25, 1521, in the neighborhood of the River Jordan (the present
Santee or Combahee) and the cape afterward called Cabo de Santa
Elena. By gifts and proffers of friendship, the Indians were lured
on board, and the ships, having obtained a full cargo, set sail for
Hispaniola.[130]
After the collapse of Narvaez’s expedition, Cabeza de Vaca wandered
through the southwest, hoping to reach Spanish settlements. As he
proceeded, he met, thirty leagues from St. Miguel, a Spanish expedition
coming from the south, from which the Indians were fleeing lest they be
captured and held as slaves. Though this slave hunting expedition met
with considerable success, its leaders, nevertheless, wished to enslave
the friendly Indians who had guided Cabeza de Vaca and his companions
thither.[131] Cabeza de Vaca relates that he continued his journey to
Compostella in the company, among others, of six Christians and five
hundred Indian slaves.[132]
Such expeditions from Mexico were continued until well into the
colonial period. The Indians whom La Salle met, 1684–1688, told
him they knew whites toward the west, “a cruel, wicked nation, who
depopulated the country round them.”[133]
It will be seen that the custom of enslaving Indians was general among
the Spanish discoverers and explorers. Not to have followed such a
custom would have been acting contrary to the spirit of the times.
Church and State sanctioned it. The need for a servile class, and the
supply of natives near at hand to meet the demand, made enslavement
only a matter of course. Slavery existed among the native tribes
themselves and the tribal chiefs readily furthered the policy of the
Spaniards by furnishing them with additional slaves and prisoners.
Consequently, when the action of the Spaniards is viewed from the
moral standpoint of the time, no condemnation can be attached to their
practice of enslaving the aborigines.
Some of the Indians used by the Spanish explorers were obtained from
the Indian tribes through purchase or trade. Such a method of obtaining
them was advisable when the tribes were friendly and it was not politic
to arouse their enmity. Prisoners and slaves, accordingly, both men
and women, were traded or presented as gifts, along with other
merchandise, to the Spaniards.[134]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account