Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States — John Shaqi
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
On July 23, 1745, the royal council at Paris sanctioned the possession
of Indian slaves by declaring that all slaves who might follow the
enemy to the colonies of France, and their effects, should belong to
his most Christian Majesty.[165] After the acquisition of Canada the
Parliament of Great Britain showed itself favorable to the importation
of slaves into the colonies. Accordingly, the forty-seventh article
of the capitulation of September 8, 1760, provided: “The negroes and
Pawnees, of both sexes, shall remain in their quality of slaves, in
the possession of French and Canadians to whom they belong; they shall
be at liberty to keep them in their service in the colony, or to
sell them; and they shall also continue to bring them up in the Roman
religion.”[166]
Public opinion in France never concerned itself with the matter of
Indian slavery. There appears to have been no opposition to it,
either in France or in the French colonies of America. Public opinion
early countenanced the institution of slavery in the colonies without
distinction of color or race.[167] It was negro slavery that brought
profit to the trader as well as to the colonist. The Indian slave in
the French colonies possessed no champion, such as the Indian slave in
the Spanish territory had in Las Casas. Within the French territory
under discussion, negro slavery continued, without meeting violent
opposition, as long as the territory remained under French control. And
with it continued Indian slavery, gradually growing weaker as negro
slavery grew stronger, and so less likely to attract attention.
Much of the French exploration was carried on by the missionaries.
Slave holding was not inconsistent with the belief of these religious
travelers.[168] Two objects inspired their zeal: the “greater glory of
God,” and “the influence and credit of the order of Jesus,” of which
many of them were members.[169] To the missionaries about to start
from Paris to explore the Ottawa country, the direction was given:
“Remember it is Christ and the Cross you are seeking, and if you aim
at anything else, you will get nothing but affliction for body and
mind.”[170] The Jesuit held that if the object was good, the action was
right. It would redound to the glory of God to convert any heathen,
bond or free; therefore, slave holding by a monk was legitimate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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