Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The friendly and allied Indians appreciated the results to be obtained
from the sale of their captives to the whites, and not only sold
them to the “coureurs de bois” and other traveling traders, but took
them directly to the French settlement for sale, as is shown in the
preceding paragraph. Apparently all the leading French settlements
afforded a ready market for such slaves. Mobile furnishes a case in
point. In November, 1706, a party of Ouacha arrived in the settlement
bringing some Abnaki captives for sale.[220] In the same month, also,
some Choctaw brought to the settlement Cahouita and Altamaha captives
for the same purpose.[221]
It was the Jesuit and French missionaries who first advocated the
purchase of Indian captives by the traders, in order to prevent
their being put to death. By putting them in a mild condition of
servitude they hoped to place them in a position where they would be
Christianized.[222] Both Tonti[223] and La Salle[224] advised such a
course of action.
The colonists favored the same action for a more commercial reason.
The French of Kaskaskia, in 1708, were urging the allied Indians to
war, and were on the spot to obtain captives to sell as slaves to the
English.[225] De Vaudreuil, governor-general of Canada, throughout the
first quarter of the eighteenth century was urging the Abnaki to wage
war on the Illinois to obtain slaves for him.[226]
An important factor in the French colonial trade was the “coureurs de
bois.” These men, having cut loose from civilization, wandered at will
among the Indians, trading for the various commodities which they could
dispose of in the settlements of either the French or English colonies.
One of these commodities was Indian slaves, obtained for the most
part from the tribes who had captured them in war. Judging from the
number of these white men of the woods, their unrestrained life, and
the evidence given by the men of the time, it seems not unlikely that
this feature of colonial trade produced a considerable portion of the
Indian slaves used by the French.[227] If the “coureurs de bois” did
not find a sufficient number of slaves among the tribes they visited,
they not infrequently stirred up the tribes to war, so that they might
obtain the captives for sale. On July 25, 1707, La Salle wrote from
Fort Louis to the Minister of Marine that the “coureurs de bois” from
Canada were thus stirring up the Indian tribes against each other, in
order to obtain Indian slaves to sell in Louisiana.[228] The work of
the “coureurs de bois” was, however, by no means limited to Louisiana,
but extended over all the area claimed by the French. The desire of
the English for Indian slaves afforded an opportunity for profit that
could not be rejected. They always found a ready market for their
Indian slaves with the English of the Carolina country. The control of
the French officials over this wandering class was always slight, and
since there was practically no export trade in Indians to be had in
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account