Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Louisiana, and since all the Indians whom they obtained could not be
disposed of in the colony, they turned to the English colonies for the
purpose.
Some effort was made by the French officials to prevent this trade,
but the attempt met with indifferent success. It was not the traffic
in human beings which disturbed them, but the fact that their enemy,
the English, were profiting by the transaction. In 1714, a report
of Cadillac to the home government lamented both his inability to
restrain the French allied Indians from trading with the English in
slaves and other commodities, and also his embarrassment at not being
able to prevent the French colonists from trading with the English
in skins and Indian slaves.[229] Such opposition, however, was not
general among the French colonial officials. Some of the most prominent
ones were engaged in this same slave trade with the English, even
when appearing to be opposed to it. In 1708, Bienville ordered the
Canadian French to cease exciting the Indians of Kaskaskia to wage war
on each other to obtain slaves for them.[230] Yet, in the same year,
he proposed, since the French would not cultivate the land, to obtain
the needful supply of labor by seizing Indians and sending them to the
West Indies in exchange for negroes.[231] And in his report to the
home government mentioned above, Cadillac complained of the selling
of Indian slaves to the English by Bienville.[232] Such transactions
by the French officials were carried on secretly. The Sieur de Ste.
Heleine, nephew of Bienville, was killed by the English allied
Indians while on such an expedition to sell Indians to the English of
Carolina.[233]
Some opposition to the trade was shown by the Jesuits, since the hoped
for result of having numbers of slaves to convert, if purchased by the
French, did not materialize. Accordingly, in 1693, they petitioned the
governor of Canada to prohibit the trade in Indian slaves. The request
was granted and an order issued to that effect, but without definite
result. The “coureurs de bois” continued the trade in spite of the
penalty of fine and imprisonment.[234]
Certain of the Indians possessed by the explorers were gifts from
Indian chiefs. On his second voyage, in 1535, the chiefs of the
Saguenay River country gave Cartier three children.[235] Afterwards,
owing to mutual suspicions on the part of the French and Indians, one
of these children made her escape.[236] On the resumption of good
feeling, the Indians promised to return her. Later, another chief
offered Cartier two children, one of whom was accepted.[237]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account