Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
services for a stated period of time, and not for life. Their condition
is better explained by the term “involuntary indenture”.
During King Philip’s War Connecticut suffered nothing on its own soil
from hostile Indians. In consequence the number of captive Indians
enslaved was small, and only infrequent mention is found of these
captives. A certain amount of the booty which the Connecticut troops
assisted in taking fell to their lot, and among this booty were some
of the captive Indians. An interesting record of such a slave is found
in the account book of Major John Talcot (1674–1688) which includes
his accounts as treasurer of the colony during King Philip’s War. On
opposite pages of the ledger occurs the following account (54–55):
“1676. Captain John Stanton of Stonington, Dr., to Sundry Commissions
given Captain Stanton to proceed against the Indians by which he gained
much on the sale of captives”. “Contra, 1677, April 30. Per received
an Indian girl of him, about seven years old, which he gave me for
commissions on the other side, or, at best, out of good will for any
kindness to him”.[474]
In consequence of the small number of Indian captives enslaved in the
colony, none was transported by colonial action. The privilege of thus
getting rid of undesirable and troublesome Indian slaves by selling
them out of the colony, was, however, conferred upon individual
owners, when, May 10, 1677, the general court decreed: “for the
prevention of those Indians running away, that are disposed in service
by the Authority, that are of the enemy and have submitted to mercy,
such Indians, if they be taken, shall be in the power of his master to
dispose of him as a captive by transportation out of the country”.[475]
During the Indian wars in Virginia Governor Berkeley himself in a
letter, 1668, to Robert Smith, militia commander in the Rappahannock
country, not only proposed that, with the consent of the council of
war, a war of extinction be waged against the northern Indians, but
also suggested that the colonial government defray the expenses of
the undertaking by the disposal of the women and children.[476] Smith
submitted Governor Berkeley’s letter to the Rappahannock court for
approval. In rendering their decision, the justices declared that
the conduct of the northern Indians, notably the “Doagges” and the
neighboring Indians, justified the taking of severe measures against
them; and accordingly advised “with the assistance of Almighty God, by
the strength of our northern part, utterly to eradicate [them], without
further encroachment than the spoils of our enemies”.[477]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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