Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
During Bacon’s rebellion in 1676, the assembly at his instigation
declared the enslavement of Indians for life to be legal, and made
provision for granting captive Indians to soldiers as a partial
inducement to volunteer.[478] This act was repealed by the general act
setting aside all the acts of this assembly that sat in 1676 under the
rule of Bacon.[479] But it was again revived by the assembly of 1679
called by Deputy-Governor Chicheley.[480] Legal enslavement of Indians
was prohibited by implication rather than by the terms of the act of
1691.[481] But the North Carolina Indian troubles in November, 1711,
once more brought the old law forward, and captive Indians belonging
to tribes at war with the English were directed to be transported and
sold, those capturing them to have the money of the sale.[482]
It will be noted that, though in the case of Virginia, as in that of
the other colonies, the disposal of the Indians captured in war was
sanctioned by the colonial government, the action of the Virginia
government in the matter ended with that sanction. By the acts of
1643[483] and 1658,[484] the colony lost the right to possess servants.
Therefore, the government during the Indian wars decreed that the
captive Indians were the property of their captors who were entitled to
the proceeds of their sale.[485]
In the case of Maryland is found another colony in which the government
intended that Indian captives taken in war should be sold for the
benefit of the colony. At the time of the Puritan ascendency the
Indians began to be troublesome.[486] The Nanticoke of the Eastern
shore began a war upon the settlers. March 29, 1652, on petition of
the settlers, the general assembly attempted to pass a militia act. An
expedition was planned, and a levy of troops made.[487] The captive
Indians were to be sold. But the government never had a chance to carry
out any such sale, for the Puritans of Anne Arundel County refused to
make their levies, and the expedition had to be abandoned.[488]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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