Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
During the Tuscarora War in North Carolina, one again finds an
instance of a colonial government taking possession of the captive
Indians, selling them as slaves, and depositing the proceeds of
the sales in the colonial treasury. At the breaking out of the war
Governor Hyde instructed the agents whom he sent to South Carolina to
ask for military aid to represent to the colonial authorities there
“the great advantage that may be made of slaves, there being many
hundreds of them, women and children; may we not believe three or four
thousand”.[489] The colony, indeed, found the disposal of the captives
to be as profitable as had been hoped. The promised reward of slaves
as pay for services rendered brought the desired Indian allies. On one
occasion, Tom Blount, chief of a tribe of friendly Indians in the area
of disturbance, in making arrangements with the colonial government
for an attack on a certain tribe, specified that his warriors receive
payment in captives, and failing these, in other commodities.[490]
The journals of the North Carolina council for June 25, 1713, show
negotiations between acting Governor Pollock and the council for the
purchase of a number of Indians for shipment to the West Indies.[491]
It was sometimes a problem to provide for the captured Indians;
consequently in the same year the assembly chartered a private sloop to
carry away captives brought by friendly Indians.[492]
In South Carolina, the Indian captives taken in the early war with the
Kussoe were sold as slaves by governor and council with the sanction
of the proprietors, who, though they had forbidden the enslavement
of Indians in the temporary laws sent out to Governor Sayle in 1671,
were nevertheless the first to grant the privilege of selling Indian
captives from Carolina to the West Indies, as the cheapest means of
“encouraging the soldiers of the infant colony”.[493] Accordingly,
when war broke out with the Stono Indians in 1680, Governor West,
taking advantage of the precedent already established and the expressed
sanction of the proprietors for such an action, offered a price for
every Indian that should be taken and brought to Charleston,[494] and
obtained the funds he needed for defense by selling the Indians to the
traders.[495] The plan proved successful, so successful, in fact, as to
arouse the jealousy of the proprietors, for West appropriated some of
the profits for his own benefit. The proprietors sanctioned the sale of
Indians taken in actual warfare for the benefit of the colony, which
meant for their own benefit. Their title to the colony rested upon the
claims of England to this territory by right of conquest.[496] The
Indians were the captives and the conquered people of that conquest. By
the rules of war the conquered people were at the mercy and disposal
of the conquerors, and since the proprietors found more profit in
selling than in killing the captive Indians, they naturally resented
West’s taking their profits for other purposes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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