Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
By the time of the wars in the early eighteenth century, the power
of the proprietors was broken, and the assembly took charge of the
matter of disposing of captives in war. An act passed September 10,
1702, provided that the Indian slaves taken by the Yamasee and the
other Indian allies on the expedition to St. Augustine in 1702,
should be bought only by a committee of four named by the assembly.
The slaves would then be disposed of to help meet the expenses of
the expedition.[497] But the committee neglected to carry out its
instructions, and another act of May 8, 1703, provided that the slaves
taken on the expedition might be bought by anyone, and the Indian
allies be thus encouraged.[498]
That all the Indian captives taken on the second expedition to St.
Augustine in 1704 were not sold as slaves was due to an order of the
assembly expressed through the governor.[499] Moore lamented this fact,
as the plunder of his men, which he estimated should have been £100
to a man, would thus be much diminished. That he still hoped with the
governor’s assistance “to find a way to gratify them for the loss of
blood”, may mean that he had not yet given up the idea of selling those
Indian captives whom he called “free”.[500]
As a part of the preparation for self-defense made by South Carolina
in 1707 and 1708, acts were passed giving the commanding officer of
any expedition the power of commissioner to buy all prisoners of the
Indian enemy above the age of twelve years that should be taken captive
by the white forces or the Indian allies. The slaves so bought were to
be delivered to the public receiver, who was directed to pay for them
not to exceed the sum of £7 for every Indian, and then to ship them to
the islands of the West Indies for sale, or to dispose of them within
the colony for the use of the public to any person who would enter into
bonds, with the penalty of £200, not to send or carry any slave so
bought to any place within the province, or to the northward thereof.
Any white person refusing to sell such slave to the commanding officer,
must dispose of the slave himself, as before described, within the
space of one month, or forfeit the same to the receiver for the use of
the public, to be disposed of as aforesaid.[501] In 1715, however, the
law was changed so as to read that all Indian enemies captured should
be handed over to the public receiver for the use of the public, the
receiver to sell such as slaves to those who would pay the highest
price, and who would promise to export them from the colony within the
period of two months after the sale.[502]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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