Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
During the French and Indian War, the Cherokee Indians began
hostilities with the English. North Carolina, in the provisions made
in 1760 for raising troops against them, offered to anyone who took
captive “an enemy Indian” the right to hold him as a slave.[503] By
the treaty concluded by South Carolina with the Cherokee at the close
of the war, it was provided that the captives on each side should be
given up. The North Carolinians, however, followed the policy advocated
in 1760, and the Indians accordingly retaliated by carrying off two
white girls from South Carolina to Pensacola, and demanded, before
releasing them, that those of their own people held in captivity should
first be given up.[504]
In both of the New England Indian wars discussed, the disposal of
the captives fell under the immediate jurisdiction of the respective
colonial governments, and was carried on either by the general court,
as in the case of Massachusetts, or by a council of war which was a
committee of the general court, as in the case of Plymouth. Though
during the Pequot War Connecticut sent no Indians to the West Indies,
still it was customary for the government to sell them out of the
colony during the period following the war. This appears from a law
passed in 1656 by the general court, forbidding such sale outside
the boundaries of “the other three colonies”, without the consent of
the authorities of the plantation “under the penalty of £10 for each
default”.[505]
The attitude of the New England colonial governments, so definitely
expressed during the Pequot War, was continually shown from that time
until King Philip’s War. During that period, 1636–1675, New England
was the scene of constant intertribal Indian difficulties between the
Mohegan and Narraganset tribes. Because of the danger resulting from
these disturbances, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut and New
Haven entered into confederation for mutual defense, under the name of
the United Colonies of New England. The articles containing the terms
of the intercolonial agreement, drawn up May 19, 1643, expressed the
same spirit that was shown during the Pequot War, for they provided
that “the whole advantage of the war ..., whether it be in lands,
goods or persons, shall be proportionally divided among the said
confederates”.[506]
Continued disturbances led the commissioners of the United Colonies to
prepare for a campaign against the Narraganset Indians in 1645. Captain
John Mason was put in command of the forces raised. In keeping with
the provision of the articles already mentioned, his commission, dated
July, 1645, concluded thus: “what booty you take or prisoners, whether
men, women or children, you may send to Seabrook fort, to be kept and
improved for the advantage of the colonies in several proportions
answering to their charges, etc.”[507]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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