Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The London ship above mentioned was one commanded by Thomas Hunt, and
formed part of Smith’s expedition for the carrying of fish, furs and
oil from New England to Virginia and Malaga. Smith took the first ship
to Virginia and left Hunt to take the other to Spain with a cargo of
dry fish. But a cargo of slaves seemed to offer greater gain than one
of fish. Twenty-seven Indians were taken captive off the Massachusetts
coast and sent to Spain. Among this number was Tisquantum (called
Squantum by the English), who had formerly been captured by Weymouth,
and who had been returned to America. Some of the Indians were sold in
Spain for £20 apiece. By the interference of some monks the further
sale of the Indians was prevented, and Squantum, at least, was carried
off to England. When Gorges sent out Captain Hobson to America two of
Hunt’s captives accompanied him, but, on arrival, they escaped and so
aroused their friends that a settlement by Hobson was prevented. This
feeling of suspicion and hatred toward the English must have found
expression, if it had not been prevented by the deadly pestilence of
1616 which weakened the Indians of New England, and by the intercession
of Squantum who proved a firm friend of the English in arranging a
treaty with the Indians.[560] Hunt’s act was done entirely on his own
responsibility and without the knowledge or sanction of Smith who
denounced it as a vile deed, since it ever afterward kept him from
trading in those parts.[561]
The evidence of kidnapping in the southern colonies seems very meagre.
The existing records deal chiefly with other modes of obtaining Indians
for slaves. There were undoubtedly many cases of kidnapping pure and
simple, if we may judge by the general attitude of the colonists
toward the Indians; but kidnapping, considered as distinct from any
sort of warfare, was not a suitable means of producing the number of
Indians needed or desired by the Carolina colonists. Trade and war
were more prolific means, and hence were more largely used. Kidnapping
was a process of obtaining slaves suited only to a locality, or to an
occasion when but few Indians were desired.
Yet certain incidents show the custom was practiced here as elsewhere.
An event of 1685 is probably only one of many such which occurred
on the southern coast and in the interior at the time of the Indian
disturbances in that section, before war had actually begun. In that
year a vessel from New York kidnapped four Indians in the locality of
Cape Fear, North Carolina, and carried them to New York for sale.[562]
That there was a certain amount of kidnapping carried on in the other
southern colonies, as Virginia and Maryland, is shown by the colonial
legislation regarding the matter, which will be discussed later.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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