Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United StatesLauber, Almon Wheeler
History
Indian slavery in colonial times within the present limits of the United States
Lauber, Almon Wheeler
Indians of North America; Indians, Treatment of -- United States; Slavery -- United States; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The proprietors, however, did not wish to forbid the selling of
Indians. They recognized the usefulness, as West had done, of
permitting “soldiers for their encouragement, to make the best
advantage that they can out of their prisoners”; but they wanted the
initiative in the matter to rest with themselves. Accordingly they
authorized the parliament to pass acts for the exportation of “such
Indians as they should decide upon”, the said Indians to be shown in
the house and examined by sworn interpreters as to their capture, name
and station. The license issued by the parliament was to specify the
person to whom the leave of exportation was granted. The decision of
the parliament was to be rendered by a majority of the house. This
license was not granted by a standing order, but for “each batch”.
Anyone exporting Indians without such a license was to receive the
utmost punishment prescribed by law.[623]
During his administration, John Archdale, consistent with his religious
persuasion of Quaker and his political position of proprietor, did what
he could to check the traffic in Indians. In 1695, a party of Yamasee
(English Indians) fell upon a party of Spanish Indians not far from St.
Augustine, took them prisoners and brought them to Charleston for sale
to the English islands as slaves. On examining the captives and finding
that they were Christians, Archdale ordered the chief of the Yamasee
to return them to the Spanish governor. The difficulty of restraining
Indian tribes from revenging themselves upon their enemies and selling
their captives as slaves, Archdale himself records.[624]
In 1700, James Moore forced the council to annul the election of
Moreton as governor, and was himself chosen for the office. He then
packed council and assembly with his associates and followers. These
persons at once proceeded to use their offices for their own financial
benefit, and one of the means practiced to that end was the selling of
Indians to the islands of the West Indies. Moore issued commissions to
persons to capture all the Indians they could for his own profit.[625]
At his instigation the Apalachee attacked the missions of Santa
Catalina, on the island of that name off the coast of the present
state of Georgia, and the mission of Santa Fé in Florida, burned the
villages, massacred many Christian Indians and carried off others to be
sold as slaves in Carolina.[626] The members of the assembly and other
inhabitants of the colony, June 26, 1705, complained to the proprietors
of Moore’s enslaving Indians, not on the grounds of justice and
humanity, but of expediency. His action was ruining the Indian trade by
creating confusion among the Indians, and would, they feared, arouse
an Indian war.[627] The proprietors denounced the governor but did not
stop the practice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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