Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical SketchDenig, Edwin Thompson
History
Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri: Edited with Notes and Biographical Sketch
Denig, Edwin Thompson
Assiniboine Indians; Indians of North America -- Missouri River Valley
But they can go no further. They have no idea of a Being whose
attributes are mercy, forgiveness, benevolence, truth, justice,
etc., nor will they have until these words have a signification and
appreciation among themselves. This view is the correct and general
one among all the prairie tribes, though it is often clothed in
superstitious narrative of fable not necessary to be inserted here.
War and peace would not be recognized as His special acts, as they
know these things depend upon themselves, but success or defeat
would be, as that is beyond their power or knowledge when they start
to war. Consequently, a successful warrior or leader is always said
to be Wah-con or divine—that is, one who has by some means secured
the aid of Wakoñda. Natural phenomena unattended by either good or
evil results would pass by unnoticed, but destructive tornadoes,
deaths by lightning, by diseases such as apoplexy or unaccountable
accidents would be regarded as His special acts. Eclipses, thunder,
and lightning are warnings, and to these sacrifices are made with the
view of averting the danger intimated, yet unknown. From this dread of
unaccountable evil arises their repugnance to talk on the subject. To
do so would lay open their secrets of apprehensions, of sacrifices, and
might, they think, by levity produce the evil they wish to avoid or a
counterpoise of sacrifice on the part of some one else render theirs
unavailing.
For the further explanation of this subject it will be proper to state
some of thier sacrifices and ceremonies so that a minute survey of
the operations of their minds can be realized. The greatest public
or national ceremony of the Assiniboin is the Sacred Lodge. The
time for this is appointed by some divining man of known repute and
invitations are sent to the different camps to attend. Lodges are
placed in the form of a long tent by posts planted a few yards apart
and others transversely, over which are stretched many lodge skins to
form one building about 100 yards long and 5 or 6 yards wide. To these
transverse poles are tied all offerings to Wakoñda, though principally
to the Sun and Thunder. These offerings consist of skins of value,
different kinds of cloth, beads, kettles, and any new articles the
donator can afford and is willing to sacrifice, in proportionate value
as their wishes to effect some object or to avoid some danger they
apprehend exists. A mast about 40 feet high is raised in front of the
building and the raising of this requires the presence of all the men
and women, who all the time sing a kind of hymn or tune, though no
words are used in it. This, mast is painted and decked out very gaily.
All are dressed in their very best raiment and the whole presents a
lively and interesting appearance. The divining man who called the
meeting on the first day goes through many prayers and ceremonies with
the pipe, the tenor of which are invocations for general health and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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