Indians of North America -- Colorado; Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.)
All of the houses in Cliff Palace are much like this one. They are
small, simple rooms that serve principally as sleeping quarters and for
the storage of possessions. Most of the activities take place in the
open courts and on the roofs of the terraced structures so there is no
need for large houses. They would be difficult to warm in winter and
would reduce the number of families that could live in the cave.
After weeks, sometimes months, of leisurely preparation it is time for
the boy to move to the girl’s house. He has finished the presents he
will give to her, the house has been built and the two families have
exchanged the presents originally agreed upon. There is no actual
wedding ceremony. The boy moves his personal property; his clothing,
weapons and tools from his mother’s house to the girl’s house. They are
now husband and wife. Although he is only eighteen and she only fifteen
they have entered the serious phase of life and must bear their share of
the community responsibility.
The first few weeks of married life are difficult for the young husband.
He is living in the midst of his wife’s relatives who are watching him
critically. If he fails to fit in, his life will not be pleasant and the
marriage may not last. Most marriages, however, are successful for the
young husbands, being still pliable, are able to adjust themselves to
their in-laws. In some cases the house is not built until the young
husband has lived for a time with the wife’s relatives and is fully
approved by them.
If the marriage is not a success, divorce is simple. Perhaps the husband
decides it is hopeless, not because he does not love his wife, but
because he can not stand her relatives. He simply picks up his personal
belongings and goes back to his mother’s house. If the wife decides to
call it off, it is equally direct. One day when he is out hunting or
working in the fields she throws all of his personal possessions out of
her house. When the husband returns, he cannot argue for all of her
relatives are there to defend her decision. So back to his mother he
goes.
If there are children in the family they remain with the mother for
children always belong to the mother’s clan. They will be cared for by
her relatives until she marries again.
In April a period of frenzied activity begins for the men of Cliff
Palace. It will soon be planting time and the fields must be prepared
for that all-important time when the precious seeds will be placed in
the earth. The frost has left the soil and it is dry enough to be worked
so each morning the men and boys trot up the trails to the mesa tops to
spend the day preparing the soil for planting. The fields are scattered
far and wide over the mesas. Most of the men from Cliff Palace have
their farms nearby but some trot miles across the flat mesa tops to farm
certain favored plots. These men who have descended from a thousand
years of farmers have an uncanny ability to select the best areas for
farming.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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