INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SOUTH AMERICA [Illustration: SOUTH AMERICA] INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL SOUTH AMERICA BY ANNIE S. PECK, A.M., F.R.G.S. AUTHOR OF “A SEARCH FOR THE APEX OF AMERICA,” “THE SOUTH AMERICAN TOUR, A DESCRIPTIVE GUIDE,” etc. [Illustration] NEW YORK E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY 681 FIFTH AVENUE Copyright, 1922 By E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY _All Rights Reserved_ _Printed in the United States of America_ FOREWORD “Industrial and Commercial South America” has been prepared, as was the descriptive guide, “The South American Tour,” with the desire to aid in promoting acquaintance with South America and, as a natural sequence, friendship and trade. As far as possible the facts have been gleaned from publications of the various Governments, in a few cases from those of our own, from high officials of many large companies, and from a few authoritative works. While I can hardly hope that despite all care and effort I have made no slip anywhere, I devoutly trust that no errors will be discovered of such magnitude as I have often noted in my reading of important publications and that any here detected will receive lenient criticism. The vast amount of labor involved in the collection of data and the effort made to attain accuracy has been such that no time remained for rhetorical embellishment unless with delayed publication. Great pains have been taken with spelling and accents, the correct use of the latter discovered with difficulty, as they are altogether omitted in many works and in others by no means to be depended upon. Yet they are most important for correct pronunciation. In this text the spelling of some names varies by intention because the two spellings are frequent and authorized, and should therefore be familiar. Thus _Marowijne_ is the Dutch and _Maroni_ the English name for the same river. So _Suriname_ is spelled with and without the _e_. South American names ending in either _s_ or _z_ are found, the _z_ common in older publications. The _s_ is a more recent style, taking the place of _z_ even in the middle of a word. Thus _Huaráz_ is also written _Huarás_ and even _Cuzco_, _Cusco_. But I drew the line there, as _Cuzco_ is too well established in English to make the new and uglier form desirable.