These two series of statistics based on exact observations and covering allied chemical manufacture are taken together. They seek to give the answer to the question—How many and what industrial poisonings are found? The figures of Leymann (on an average of 1000 workers employed per annum) show 285 cases of poisoning reported between the years 1881 and 1904. Of these 275 were caused by aniline, toluidine, nitro- and dinitro-benzene, nitrophenol, nitrochloro and dinitrochloro benzene. Three were fatal and several involved lengthy invalidity (from 30 to 134 days, owing to secondary pneumonia). Included further are one severe case of chrome (bichromate) poisoning (with nephritis as a sequela), five cases of lead poisoning, three of chlorine, and one of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. In the Höchst a-M. factory (employing about 2500 workers) there were, in the ten years 1883-92, only 129 cases of poisoning, of which 109 were due to aniline. Later figures for the years 1893-5 showed 122 cases, of which 43 were due to aniline and 76 to lead (contracted mostly in the nitrating house). Grandhomme mentions further hyperidrosis among persons employed on solutions of calcium chloride, injury to health from inhalation of methyl iodide vapour in the antipyrin department, a fatal case of benzene poisoning (entering an empty vessel in which materials had previously been extracted with benzene), and finally ulceration and perforation of the septum of the nose in several chrome workers. The number of severe cases is not large, but it must be remembered that the factories to which the figures relate are in every respect models of their kind, amply provided with safety appliances and arrangements for the welfare of the workers. The relatively small amount of poisoning is to be attributed without doubt to the precautionary measures taken. Further, in the statistics referred to only those cases are included in which the symptoms were definite, or so severe as to necessitate medical treatment. Absorption of the poison in small amount without producing characteristic symptoms, as is often the case with irritating or corrosive fumes, and such as involve only temporary indisposition, are not included. Leymann himself refers to this when dealing with illness observed in the mineral acid department (especially sulphuric acid), and calls attention to the frequency of affections of the respiratory organs among the persons employed, attributing them rightly to the irritating and corrosive effect of the acid vapour. Elsewhere he refers to the frequency of digestive disturbance among persons coming into contact with sodium sulphide, and thinks that this may be due to the action of sulphuretted hydrogen gas.