Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
Our own figures correspond very closely with those of Frost. Among the
10,000 living individuals surveyed in 1920 there were 1,970 cases of
influenza in 1918. Add to this the 50 deaths for 1918, which were not
included in the 10,000 living individuals, which makes a total incidence
of 2,021. This case fatality rate of 2.47 per 100, corresponds closely
to Frost’s rate for the North Atlantic Seaboard.
The relative mildness of the 1920 recurrence is indicated in the lower
case fatality rate. Fourteen out of 955 cases died, giving a rate of
1.47 per 100 cases.
_Mortality by sex._—There is not a uniformity of opinion as to which
sex suffered the higher fatality rate during the 1918–19 spread.
Winslow and Rogers found for Connecticut a distinctly heavier
mortality among males for the last four months of 1918, 58 per cent.
of the influenza-pneumonia deaths being among this sex. They believe
that this is probably due to a greater exposure to the original
infection.
Fränkel and Dublin point out that in a study of 70,729 policy holders of
the Industrial Department of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in
the period from October 1, 1918, to June, 1919, the death rates for
males and females were practically the same for both white and colored
individuals.
The excess of males over females among the whites is only three per
cent., and there was no excess among colored. In contrast, the
respiratory diseases, including influenza-pneumonia, under normal
conditions, show a higher mortality incidence among males than among
females. In the seven year period from 1911 to 1917 the mortality rate
showed an excess of 18 per cent. males over females, among whites, and
of 30 per cent. among colored. This would seem to indicate that the
effect of the epidemic was not much, if any, greater on males than on
females, and suggests that the excess mortality caused by the epidemic
did not operate on the sexes as the normal mortality from
influenza-pneumonia had in previous years.
Dunlop finds that in a study of 10,797 deaths registered in Scotland up
until the end of December, 1918, 52.44 per cent. were females and 47.56
were males. These were for deaths reported as due only to influenza.
Apert and Flipo found a decided predominance among the female deaths in
Paris. In both of these observations the absence from the civilian
population of male inhabitants of military age obscured correct
comparative statistics.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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