Influenza : $b An epidemiologic studyVaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
History
Influenza : $b An epidemiologic study
Vaughan, Warren T. (Warren Taylor)
Influenza
Thus we see that in October, November and December of 1900 and January
of 1901 there was a widespread epidemic affecting all parts of the
United States. Many additional records in the Public Health Reports
coming from small towns have not been included in this summary.
At the same time an attempt was made to determine the prevalence in
foreign countries and letters were sent to the various United States
Consulates. It was discovered that the disease was mildly epidemic in
Denmark in October, in Berlin in November, in Cuba, British Columbia,
Ontario, Egypt, Paris, Mexico and the West Indies in December; in
Flanders, Porto Rico, Honolulu, in January of 1901; in Malta in
February, 1901; and in London and Ireland in March of that year. The
following countries reported that they had no influenza at the time:
Windward Islands, Jamaica, Bahamas, Brazil, India, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ecuador, Honduras, Persia, Philippine Islands, Spain, Switzerland. The
disease was reported as being not of epidemic prevalence in the
following localities: Marseilles, Paris, Bremen, Hamburg, Mainz,
Stuttgart, Bristol, London, Liverpool, England as a whole, Scotland,
Amsterdam, Naples, Constantinople.
Reports from Switzerland and from Brazil stated that there had been no
influenza since the pandemic period 1889–1893. The death rate per
100,000 in Glasgow from influenza for 1896 was recorded as six; for
1897, twelve; for 1898, fifteen; 1899, twenty-two and for 1900,
twenty-seven.
The disease was present in Lima, Peru in March, 1900, and at Malta in
the same month. In Prague it was stated that ten per cent. of the
population had been attacked in the winter of 1901. In Sivas, Turkey,
fifty per cent. of a population of 50,000 were estimated to have been
taken ill within the winter months. It was reported from Valencia,
Spain, that there had been four or five visitations of influenza since
the preceding pandemic, each recurring invasion presenting a milder and
less expansive form than its predecessor. Very few deaths had been
recorded as directly due to influenza, but an increased mortality
followed the epidemics. In normal times the average mortality was ninety
deaths per week. After a visitation of influenza the number had
increased to as much as 160 per week. The population numbered 204,000.
_Period from 1901 to 1915._—Between 1900, with its wide distribution of
a very mild influenza, and 1915, there is very little mention of
epidemic prevalence of the disease. References which appeared in the
Public Health Reports during the interval are characterized chiefly by
their brevity, and by the absence of descriptive detail. They should
nevertheless be included.
In October of 1901 there was some increase of the disease in the
Hawaiian Islands, 110 cases being reported on the island of Kauai.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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