BERNI.--Berni, like Ariosto, was half burlesque in the diverting portions of his works. He wrote satires which were often virulent, paradoxes such as the eulogy of the plague and of famine, and an _Amorous Orlando_ which is quite agreeable. The Bernesque type, that is, the humoristic, was created by him and bears his name. SANNAZARO.--Sannazaro wrote both in Latin and Italian. His chief claim to fame lies in his _Arcadia_, an idyllic poem of bucolic sentiment, destined to evoke thousands of imitations. He also produced eclogues and sonnets in Italian which give sufficient grounds for regarding him as one of the chief masters of that language. MACHIAVELLI.--Great thinker, great politician, great moral philosopher, Machiavelli possessed one of the most powerful minds ever known. He wrote _The Prince_, _Discourses upon Livius_, an _Art of War_, diplomatic letters and reports, for he was at one time secretary to the Florentine Republic, a _History of Florence_, a comedy (_The Mandrake_), romances and tales. _The Prince_ is a treatise of the art of acquiring and preserving power by all possible means and more particularly by intelligent and discreet crime. Machiavelli emphasised the separation, at times relative, at times absolute, which exists between politics and morals. His _Discourses upon Livius_ are full of sense, penetration, and profundity; his light works show a singular dexterity of thought united to a fundamental grossness which it would be impossible to misunderstand or excuse. BANDELLO.--Bandello is the author of novels in the vein of those of Boccaccio or of Brantôme. His voluntary or spontaneous originality consists in mixing licentious tales with sentences and maxims which are most austere and moral. He also wrote elegiac odes that were highly esteemed. His very pure style is considered in Italy to be strictly classical. GUICCIARDINI.--Guicciardini wrote with infinite patience, severe conscientiousness, and imperturbable frigidity in a style that was pure, though somewhat prolix, that _History of Florence_, virtually a history of Italy, which from its first appearance was hailed as a classic and has remained one. His history is altogether that of a statesman; he passed his life among prominent public affairs, being Governor of Modena, Parma, and Bologna, a diplomatist involved in the most important negotiations; this historian is himself a historical personage. FOLENGO.--Folengo wrote a macaronic poem: that is to say, one in which Latin and Italian were mixed, called _Coccacius_ (which must be remembered because when translated into French it became the earliest model for Rabelais), as well as _Orlandini_ (childhood of Orlando), which is amusing. Other serious works did not merit serious consideration.