ARETINO.--Aretino was a satirist and a poet so fundamentally licentious that he has remained the type of infamous author. He wrote comedies (_The Courtesan_, _The Marshal_, _The Philosopher_, _The Hypocrite_), intimate letters that are extremely interesting for the study of the customs of his day, religious and edifying books, replete with talent if not with sincerity, as well as an innumerable mass of satires, pamphlets, statements, diatribes which caused all the princes of his day to tremble, and through making them tremble also brought gold into the coffers of Aretino; he had raised blackmail to the height of a literary department. BEMBO; BALDI.--Cardinal Bembo, a devout Ciceronian to the verge of fanaticism, wrote more especially in Latin, but left Italian poems of much elegance and charm; he ranks among the most brilliant representatives of the Italian Renaissance. Baldi, a very widely versed scholar, sought relaxation from his erudition in writing _eclogues_, _moral poems_, and a very curious didactic poem on _navigation_. TANSILLO; DOLCE.--Tansillo, a very fertile poet, composed a rather licentious poem entitled _The Vintager_, and a religious poem called _The Tears of St. Peter_ (which the younger Malherbe thought so beautiful that he partially translated it), _The Rustic Prophet_ and _The Nurse_, wherein he showed himself the pupil of Tasso, comedies, a bucolic drama, etc. Dolce, not less prolific, produced five epic poems of which the best is _The Childhood of Orlando_, many comedies, for the most part imitations of Plautus, tragedies after Euripides and Seneca, and then one which seems to have been original and was the celebrated _Mariamna_, so often imitated in French. He was also an indefatigable translator of Horace, Cicero, Philostrates, etc. BENVENUTO CELLINI.--The great sculptor and chaser, Benvenuto Cellini, belongs to literary history because of his _Treatise on Goldsmithing and Sculpture_ and his admirable _Memoirs_, which are certainly in part fictitious, but are a literary work of the foremost rank. HANNIBAL CARO; GUARINI.--Hannibal Caro, by his _poems_, his _letters_, his literary criticism, his comedy, _The Beggars_, and his metrical translation of the _Aeneid_, acquired high rank in the judgment both of Italy and Europe.