Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalistFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalist
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects -- Biology
The functions of this vegetative life are slackened and troubled no
doubt, but still they are feebly exercised. I have the proof of this in
that action of the viscera which takes place normally and at intervals
in the weevils during the first week of that deep slumber, which will
never be broken, and yet which is not death. It only ceases when the
intestine is empty, as is shown by autopsy. But the faint rays of life
which the creature manifests do not stop there; and though sensation
appears annihilated for ever, I have succeeded in reawakening some
vestige of them. Having placed weevils, recently exhumed and absolutely
motionless, in a bottle with sawdust moistened with benzine, I was not
a little surprised to see a quarter of an hour later moving antennæ and
feet. For a moment I thought I could recall them to life. Vain hope!
these movements, last trace of a sensitiveness about to cease, soon
stopped, and could not be excited a second time. I have repeated this
experiment from some hours to several days after the murder, and always
with the same success; only movement is tardy in appearing in
proportion as the date of the victim’s death is distant. The movements
are always from the forepart backward. First, the antennæ move, then
the front tarsi tremble and share in the oscillations; next, the second
pair do the same; and finally, the third. Once movement is excited, all
these members oscillate without any order until all become again
motionless, as they do sooner or later. Unless death has been quite
recent, movement does not go beyond the tarsi, and the legs remain
motionless.
Ten days after the murder I could not obtain the least sign of
irritability by the proceeding described, and I had recourse to the
Voltaic battery. This is more effective, and provokes muscular
contractions where the vapour of benzine fails. One or two elements of
Bunsen suffice, which are armed with the rheophores of slender needles.
Plunging the point of the one under the furthest ring of the abdomen,
and the point of the other under the neck, you obtain each time that
the current is established, not only the quivering of the tarsi, but a
strong flexion of the feet, which fold themselves under the body, and
relax when the current is interrupted. These movements, very energetic
during the first days, gradually lose intensity, and after a certain
time appear no more. On the tenth day I have still been able to obtain
visible motions, but on the fifteenth the pile was unable to provoke
them, notwithstanding the suppleness of the limbs and freshness of the
viscera. I have submitted also to the action of the pile Coleoptera
really dead, Blaps, Saperda, Lamia, asphyxiated by benzine or
sulphureous gas, and two hours later it was impossible to provoke the
movements obtained so easily from weevils lying already for several
days in the singular state, intermediate between life and death, into
which their redoubtable enemy plunges them.
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