Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalistFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
Insect life: Souvenirs of a naturalist
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects -- Biology
All these facts contradict the supposition of an animal completely
dead, and the hypothesis of a real corpse rendered incorruptible by
some antiseptic liquid. One can only explain them by admitting that the
animal is struck in the principle of its movements, and that
sensitiveness, suddenly benumbed, dies slowly out, while the more
tenacious, vegetative functions die yet more slowly and preserve the
intestines during the time necessary for the larva.
The most important detail to show was how the murder is committed.
Evidently, the chief part must be played by the poisoned dart of the
Cerceris. But where and how does it penetrate the body of the weevil,
covered with a hard cuirass, with pieces so closely joined? Even under
the magnifying glass nothing told where the sting entered. Direct
examination, therefore, was required to discover the murderous ways of
the Cerceris—a problem before whose difficulties Léon Dufour had
already recoiled, and the solution of which seemed to me for a time
impossible. I tried, however, and had the satisfaction of succeeding,
though not without some groping about.
When they fly from their holes to the chase, the Cerceris go here and
there, sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other, and return from
all directions, loaded with prey, so that they must seek it on all
sides; but as they barely take ten minutes between going and returning,
the space worked over could not be very great, especially considering
the time necessary to discover the prey, to attack and render it an
inert mass. I, therefore, set myself to examine all the adjacent ground
with close attention, hoping to discover some Cerceris on the hunt. One
afternoon devoted to this weary work convinced me of the uselessness of
my researches, and of the little chance I had of surprising any of the
few Cerceris, scattered here and there, and soon lost to view by their
rapid flight; above all, in difficult ground, planted with olives, I
gave up the attempt. But by carrying live weevils to the neighbourhood
of the nests might I not tempt the Cerceris by a prey found without
trouble, and so observe the drama? The notion seemed good, and the very
next day I set out to find live Cleonus ophthalmicus. Vineyards,
wheat-fields, and crops of lucerne, and heaps of stones did I visit and
examine one and all, and after two days of close search I
possessed—dare I own it?—three weevils! bare, dusty, maimed of antennæ
or tarsi, shabby old creatures which, perhaps, the Cerceris would not
touch! Since the day of that fevered search, when, for a weevil’s sake,
I bathed myself in perspiration during my wild expedition, many a year
has passed, and yet, in spite of almost daily entomological researches,
I am still ignorant of the life and habits of this Cleonus, which I met
here and there, straying on the edge of paths. Wonderful powers of
instinct! in the same spots, and in a fraction of time, one
Hymenopteron would have found hundreds of these insects which man
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