A PROBLEM OF QUOTAS.................................... 176 _The Quota in Practice_................................. 182 _Broader Opportunities_................................. 189 _Assignments_........................................... 194 _A New Approach_........................................ 198 _The Quota System: An Assessment_....................... 202 8. SEGREGATION'S CONSEQUENCES............................. 206 _Discipline and Morale Among Black Troops_.............. 206 _Improving the Status of the Segregated Soldier_........ 215 _Discrimination and the Postwar Army_................... 223 (p. xiv) _Segregation in Theory and Practice_.................... 226 _Segregation: An Assessment_............................ 231 9. THE POSTWAR NAVY....................................... 234 _The Steward's Branch_.................................. 238 _Black Officers_........................................ 243 _Public Image and the Problem of Numbers_............... 248 10. THE POSTWAR MARINE CORPS.............................. 253 _Racial Quotas and Assignments_......................... 253 _Recruitment_........................................... 257 _Segregation and Efficiency_............................ 261 _Toward Integration_.................................... 266 11. THE POSTWAR AIR FORCE................................. 270 _Segregation and Efficiency_............................ 271 _Impulse for Change_.................................... 280 12. THE PRESIDENT INTERVENES.............................. 291 _The Truman Administration and Civil Rights_............ 292 _Civil Rights and the Department of Defense_............ 297 _Executive Order 9981_.................................. 309 13. SERVICE INTERESTS VERSUS PRESIDENTIAL INTENT.......... 315 _Public Reaction to Executive Order 9981_............... 315 _The Army: Segregation on the Defensive_................ 318 _A Different Approach_.................................. 326 _The Navy: Business as Usual_........................... 331 _Adjustments in the Marine Corps_....................... 334 _The Air Force Plans for Limited Integration_........... 338 14. THE FAHY COMMITTEE VERSUS THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE... 343 _The Committee's Recommendations_....................... 348 _A Summer of Discontent_................................ 362 _Assignments_........................................... 368 _Quotas_................................................ 371 _An Assessment_......................................... 375 15. THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, 1949-1951....... 379 _Overseas Restrictions_................................. 385 _Congressional Concerns_................................ 389 16. INTEGRATION IN THE AIR FORCE AND THE NAVY............. 397 _The Air Force, 1949-1951_.............................. 397