Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of ViennaFreud, Sigmund
Science
Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of Vienna
Freud, Sigmund
Psychoanalysis
Thus prepared we may now go on to consider a suggestion which we shall
certainly not be spared. It will be said: “Why are you so set upon
declaring as already belonging to sexuality those indefinite
manifestations of childhood out of which what is sexual later develops,
and which you yourself admit to be indefinite? Why are you not content
rather to describe them physiologically and simply to say that
activities, such as sucking for its own sake and the retaining of
excreta, may be observed already in young infants, showing that they
seek _pleasure in their organs_? In that way you would have avoided the
conception of a sexual life even in babies which is so repugnant to all
our feelings.” Well, I can only answer that I have nothing against
pleasure derived from the organs of the body; I know indeed that the
supreme pleasure of the sexual union is also only a bodily pleasure,
derived from the activity of the genital organ. But can you tell me when
this originally indifferent bodily pleasure acquires the sexual
character that it undoubtedly possesses in later phases of development?
Do we know any more about this ‘organ-pleasure’ than we know about
sexuality? You will answer that the sexual character is added to it when
the genitalia begin to play their part; sexuality simply means genital.
You will even evade the obstacle of the perversions by pointing out that
after all with most of them a genital orgasm occurs, although brought
about by other means than the union of the genitalia. If you were to
eliminate the relation to reproduction from the essential
characteristics of sexuality since this view is untenable in consequence
of the existence of the perversions, and were to emphasize instead
activity of the genital organs, you would actually take up a much better
position. But then we should no longer differ very widely; it would be a
case of the genital organs _versus_ the other organs. What do you now
make of the abundant evidence that the genital organs may be replaced by
other organs for the purpose of gratification, as in the normal kiss, or
the perverse practices of loose living, or in the symptomatology of
hysteria? In this neurosis it is quite usual for stimulation phenomena,
sensations, innervations, and even the processes of erection, which
properly belong to the genitalia to be displaced on to other distant
areas of the body (e.g. the displacement from below upwards to the head
and face). Thus you will find that nothing is left of all that you cling
to as essentially characteristic of sexuality; and you will have to make
up your minds to follow my example and extend the designation ‘sexual’
to include those activities of early infancy which aim at
‘organ-pleasure.’
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