Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of ViennaFreud, Sigmund
Science
Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis : $b a course of twenty-eight lectures delivered at the University of Vienna
Freud, Sigmund
Psychoanalysis
With the disappearance of the motive the inability to find the mislaid
object also came to an end.
I could multiply this collection of examples indefinitely; but I will
not do so now. In my _Psycho-pathology of Everyday Life_ (first
published in 1901) you will find plenty of examples for the study of
errors.[22] All these examples demonstrate the same thing over and over
again; they make it probable to you that mistakes have a meaning and
they show you how the meaning can be guessed or confirmed from the
attendant circumstances. I restrict myself rather to-day, because our
intention here was limited to studying these phenomena with a view to
obtaining an introduction to psycho-analysis. There are only two groups
of occurrences into which I must still go, the accumulated and combined
errors, and the confirmation of our interpretations by subsequent
events.
Accumulated and combined errors are certainly the finest flowers of the
species. If we were only concerned to prove that errors had a meaning,
we should have limited ourselves to them at the outset, for the meaning
in them is unmistakable, even to the dullest intelligence, and strong
enough to impress the most critical judgement. The repetition of the
occurrences betrays a persistence which is hardly ever an attribute of
chance, but which fits well with the idea of design. Further, the
exchanging of one kind of mistake for another shows us what is the most
important and essential element in the error; and that is, not its form,
or the means of which it makes use, but the _tendency_ which makes use
of it and can achieve its end in the most various ways. Thus I will give
you a case of repeated forgetting: Ernest Jones relates that he once
allowed a letter to lie on his writing desk for several days for some
unknown reason. At last he decided to post it, but received it back from
the dead-letter office, for he had forgotten to address it. After he had
addressed it he took it to post but this time without a stamp. At this
point he finally had to admit to himself his objection to sending the
letter at all.
In another case, taking up a thing by mistake is combined with mislaying
it. A lady travelled to Rome with her brother-in-law, a famous artist.
The visitor was much fêted by the Germans living in Rome and received,
among other things, a present of an antique gold medal. The lady was
vexed because her brother-in-law did not appreciate the fine specimen
highly enough. After her sister had arrived she returned home and
discovered, upon unpacking, that she had brought the medal with her—how,
she did not know. She wrote at once to her brother-in-law telling him
that she would send the stolen property back to him the next day. But
the next day the medal was so cleverly mislaid that it could not be
discovered and could not be returned, and then it began to dawn upon the
lady what her “absent-mindedness” had meant, namely, that she wanted to
keep the work of art for herself.[23]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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