a dove, and then announced the UNKNOWN Father through Jesus.[298] If, therefore, Jesus was physically considered as a son of man, and spiritually as the Christos, who overshadowed him, how then could the “GOD OF ALL,” the “_Unknown_ Father,” be called by the Gnostics _Homo_, a MAN, and his Mind, Ennoia, the SECOND man, or _Son of man_? Neither in the Oriental _Kabala_, nor in Gnosticism, was the “God of all” ever anthropomorphized. It is but the first, or rather the second emanations, for Shekinah, Sephira, Depth, and other first-manifested female virtues are also emanations, that are termed “primitive men.” Thus Adam Kadmon, Ennoia (or Sigè), the _logoi_ in short, are the “only-begotten” ones but not the _Sons_ of man, which appellation properly belongs to Christos the son of Sophia (the elder) and of the primitive man who produces him through his own vivifying light, which emanates from the source or _cause_ of all, hence the _cause_ of his light also, the “Unknown Father.” There is a great difference made in the Gnostic metaphysics between the first unrevealed Logos and the “anointed,” who is Christos. Ennoia may be termed, as Philo understands it, the _Second_ God, but he alone is the “Primitive and First man,” and by no means the Second one, as Theodoret and Irenæus have it. It is but the inveterate desire of the latter to connect Jesus in every possible way, even in the _Hæresies_, with the _Highest_ God, that led him into so many falsifications. Such an identification with the _Unknown_ God, even of Christos, the anointed--the Æon who overshadowed him--let alone of the man Jesus, never entered the head of the Gnostics nor even of the direct apostles and of Paul, whatever later forgeries may have added. How daring and desperate were many such deliberate falsifications was shown in the first attempts to compare the original manuscripts with later ones. In Bishop Horseley’s edition of Sir Isaac Newton’s works, several manuscripts on theological subjects were cautiously withheld from publication. The article known as _Christ’s Descent into Hell_, which is found in the later Apostles’ Creed, is not to be found in the manuscripts of either the fourth or sixth centuries. It was an evident interpolation copied from the fables of Bacchus and Hercules and enforced upon Christendom as an article of faith. Concerning it the author of the preface to the _Catalogue of the Manuscripts of the King’s Library_ (preface, p. xxi.) remarks: “I wish that the insertion of the article of _Christ’s Descent into Hell_ into the Apostles’ Creed could be as well accounted for as the _insertion_ of the _said_ verse” (_First Epistle of John_, v. 7).[299]