James Clerk Maxwell and Modern PhysicsGlazebrook, Richard
History
James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics
Glazebrook, Richard
Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879; Physics -- History
About the same time he was busy with some investigations on the
properties of jelly and gutta-percha, which seem to have been suggested
by Forbes’ “Theory of Glaciers.”
He failed to obtain the Mathematical Medal in 1846--possibly on account
of these researches--but he continued at school till 1847, when he
left, being then first in mathematics and in English, and nearly first
in Latin.
In 1847 he was working at magnetism and the polarisation of light.
Some time in that year he was taken by his uncle, Mr. John Cay, to see
William Nicol, the inventor of the polarising prism, who showed him the
colours exhibited by polarised light after passing through unannealed
glass. On his return, he made a polariscope with a glass reflector.
The framework of the first instrument was of cardboard, but a superior
article was afterwards constructed of wood. Small lenses mounted on
cardboard were employed when a conical pencil was needed. By means
of this instrument he examined the figures exhibited by pieces of
unannealed glass, which he prepared himself; and, with a camera lucida
and box of colours, he reproduced these figures on paper, taking care
to sketch no outlines, but to shade each coloured band imperceptibly
into the next. Some of these coloured drawings he forwarded to Nicol,
and was more than repaid by the receipt shortly afterwards of a pair of
prisms prepared by Nicol himself. These prisms were always very highly
prized by Maxwell. Once, when at Trinity, the little box containing
them was carried off by his bed-maker during a vacation, and destined
for destruction. The bed-maker died before term commenced, and it
was only by diligent search among her effects that the prisms were
recovered.[9] After this they were more carefully guarded, and they
are now, together with the wooden polariscope, the bits of unannealed
glass, and the water-colour drawings, in one of the showcases at the
Cavendish Laboratory.
About this time, Professor P. G. Tait and he were schoolfellows at the
Academy, acknowledged as the two best mathematicians in the school. It
was thought desirable, says Professor Campbell, that “we should have
lessons in physical science, so one of the classical masters gave them
out of a text-book.... The only thing I distinctly remember about these
hours is that Maxwell and P. G. Tait seemed to know much more about the
subject than our teacher did.”
An interesting account of these days is given by Professor Tait in an
obituary notice on Maxwell printed in the “Proceedings of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, 1879–80,” from which the following is taken:--
“When I first made Clerk Maxwell’s acquaintance, about
thirty-five years ago, at the Edinburgh Academy, he was a year
before me, being in the fifth class, while I was in the fourth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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