It may, perhaps, be asked--"If the foregoing statements regarding the pathology of jaundice from congestion be correct, how does it happen that it is not present in every severe case of gastric derangement, fever, heart-disease, &c.?" This question is easily answered, for as Dr. Budd has clearly put it, while speaking of the action of medicines upon the liver--"In most persons, perhaps, a portion of the liver may waste or become less active without sensible derangement of health, they have more liver, as they have more lung, than is absolutely necessary. In others, on the {31} contrary, the liver, from natural conformation, seems just capable of effecting its purpose under favourable circumstances." Persons inheriting this feebleness of liver, "or in whom, in consequence of disease, a portion of the liver has atrophied, or the secreting element of the liver has been damaged, may suffer little inconvenience as long as they are placed in favourable circumstances, and observe those rules which such a condition requires;" but as soon as the balance of their hepatic circulation is disturbed by causes like those above mentioned, jaundice makes its appearance; such patients being, as Dr. Budd says, "born with a tendency to bilious derangements."[11] [Footnote 11: Diseases of the Liver, p. 55.] JAUNDICE AS A RESULT OF SUPPRESSION CONSEQUENT UPON ABSENCE OF THE SECRETING SUBSTANCE. The pathology of this state is self-evident, for wherever secreting substance is wanting, secretion cannot take place. If then, the tissue which secretes bile be destroyed or transformed by disease, the biliary function must be suspended, and the ingredients which it is the office of such structure to separate from the blood, will accumulate in the circulation, and give rise to the {32} usual chain of results following suppression of the biliary secretion.