Jersey City and Its Historic SitesEaton, Harriet Phillips
History
Jersey City and Its Historic Sites
Eaton, Harriet Phillips
Jersey City (N.J.) -- History
When he first came within Sandy Hook and gained his first view of
Jersey shores he pronounced it a "very good land to fall in with, and
a pleasant land to see." Later the country about Communipaw he thought
"as pleasant a land as one need tread upon." He found an Indian village
near the shore called Gemoenepa and another at Hackensack. It is said
that Summit Avenue follows a part of the trail or path connecting the
two villages. Hudson found the natives along the west shore, from Sandy
Hook to Weehawken, friendly and generous; they brought him oysters,
corn and fruits. Of the beauty of these people Verrezano, who visited
New York Bay in 1524, was quite enthusiastic and declares of two chiefs
that "they were more beautiful in form and feature than can possibly
be described." He said that "the women greatly resemble the Antique,
of the same form and beauty, very graceful, of fine countenance and
pleasing appearance in manners and modesty." The early writers all
unite in describing these people as "generous, giving away whatever
they had," also as "being sumptuously clothed in embroidered deer skins
wrought in damask figures," and that the women wore more ornamental
clothing than the men.
Van Der Donck says that the "wampum with which a woman's skirt was
embroidered was frequently worth from one to three hundred guilders."
They wore, also, wampum embroidered caps and head bands, the latter
worn across the forehead and tied behind in a "beau's knot." Many
earrings and curiously wrought necklaces and bracelets, with various
colored feathers in their hair were worn by both men and women. Wampum
and "seawant" as it was also called, were the Indian terms for beads
made from clam shells. By the primitive methods of the Indians the
beads were difficult to make, being ground down on grooved stones, and
pierced by a sharp splinter of flint fastened in one end of a reed, the
other end being slowly revolved upon the right thigh while the bead
to be pierced was held between the thumb and forefinger of the left
hand. The beads were usually from 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch in length,
and because of the difficulty of manufacture they became one of the
most valuable Indian possessions and to a certain extent a standard
of value. Long Island, called by the Indians Sewan-hackey--land of
shells--which was inhabited by branches of the Lenni Lenape family was
the great center of wampum manufacture. There were specialists who
devoted their time to making wampum. It was largely used by all of the
eastern Indians, not alone for embroidery and ornamentation, but in
record belts which were used in their treaties. The two colors, white
and purple, being wrought into figures which were mnemonic and enabled
the "wampum keepers" to remember the words of the speech which were
"talked into" the belt presented at the time. It was used in bunches
of strings, strung in a certain manner, to represent the hereditary
Chieftain name, and from the convenience of carrying it, it had become
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account