III. _Austria-Hungary._ 1. Early legal status of the Jews: emancipation 77 2. Jews attacked as liberals and capitalists 78 3. Rise of political antisemitism: its triumph: the clericals 78 Galicia 78 1. Rise of a Polish middle class: displacement of Jews in industry and commerce 79 2. Economic boycott of Jewish artisans and traders 79 3. Anti-Jewish activity of local authorities 79 4. Over-competition and surplus of Jews in industry and commerce 80 5. Historical role of the Jews: antagonism of peasantry and clergy 80 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION PART II.--JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES A. ITS MOVEMENT CHAPTER I DETERMINATION OF NUMBER OF JEWISH IMMIGRANTS 1. Construction of table: difficulties 87 2. Sources utilized: reports of Jewish societies 87 3. Rearrangement of numbers from 1886 to 1898 88 4. Determination of numbers by country of nativity: methods used 88 5. Determination of numbers from 1881 to 1885: methods used 90 6. Tendency to magnify numbers of Jewish immigrants 91 7. Results 92 CHAPTER II IMMIGRATION OF JEWS FROM EASTERN EUROPE 1. Jewish immigration East-European 95 2. Summary by decades of Jewish immigration from Russia, Roumania and Austria-Hungary 95 3. Annual contributions of Jewish immigration from Russia, Roumania and Austria-Hungary 96 CHAPTER III IMMIGRATION OF JEWS FROM RUSSIA 1. Russian Jewish immigration a movement of steady growth 98 a. Summary by decades 98 b. Annual variations: effect of the Moscow expulsions 98 2. Participation of Jews in the immigration from Russia 101 a. Annual variations 101 b. Summary by decades 102 c. Relative predominance of Jewish in total 102 3. Intensity of Jewish immigration from Russia 103 a. Rate of immigration 103 b. Fluctuations of rate 104 CHAPTER IV