John Brown's RaidUnited States. National Park Service
History
John Brown's Raid
United States. National Park Service
Brown, John, 1800-1859; Harpers Ferry (W. Va.) -- History -- John Brown's Raid, 1859
About this same time Stevens led several raiders on a special mission to
capture Col. Lewis W. Washington, the 46-year-old great-grandnephew of
George Washington. The colonel, a small but prosperous planter, lived
near Halltown just off the Charles Town Turnpike about 5 miles west of
Harpers Ferry. He owned a pistol presented to General Washington by the
Marquis de Lafayette and a sword reportedly presented by the Prussian
King Frederick the Great. Brown wanted these weapons. When he struck the
first blow to free the slaves he rather fancied the idea of wearing the
sword and brandishing the pistol once owned by the man who had led the
fight to free the American colonists from a similar kind of tyranny.
Battering down Washington’s door, Stevens, Tidd, Cook, and three
Negroes—Anderson, Leary, and Green—summoned the colonel from his bed.
Washington offered no resistance. Calmly surrendering the sword and
pistol, he then dressed and climbed into his carriage for the trip to
Harpers Ferry. The raiders and Washington’s three slaves crammed into
the colonel’s four-horse farm wagon and followed along behind the
carriage.
[Illustration: “Beallair,” the home of Col. Lewis Washington. Late
on the night of October 16, several raiders broke into this house in
search of a pistol and sword once owned by the colonel’s great
grand-uncle, George Washington. Colonel Washington (inset) was taken
hostage.]
[Illustration: HARPERS FERRY 1859]
[Illustration: HARPERS FERRY 1859]
LEGEND
A Armory Employee Dwellings
P Private Dwellings
V Vacant at Time of Raid
On the way the procession stopped at the home of another slaveholder,
John Allstadt, just west of Bolivar Heights. Again using a fence rail to
gain entrance, the raiders forced Allstadt and his 18-year-old son into
the wagon while the terror-stricken women of the house shrieked
“Murder!” from the upstairs windows. Allstadt’s four slaves were also
added to the group.
While Stevens’ party was gathering hostages, the first note of tragedy
was sounded. At 1:25 a.m. the Baltimore and Ohio passenger train
eastbound for Baltimore arrived at Harpers Ferry and was stopped by a
clerk from the Wager House who told conductor A. J. Phelps of the recent
“startling” events. Phelps refused to allow the train to cross the
bridge until it had been checked, and he sent engineer William McKay and
baggagemaster Jacob Cromwell out to investigate. They were halted by
Brown’s guards, who turned them back at gunpoint.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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