A French translation, which contains excellent notes to the text, is in the course of publication under the general editorship of M. Theodore Reinach; and there are German translations of the whole works, by Demme, and of the _Antiquities_, by Martin (Koeln, 1852) and Clementz (Halle, 1900). The _Life_ and the books _Against Apion_ were translated by M. Jost (Leipzig, 1867) and books xi-xiii of the _Antiquities_ by Horschitzky. And there is another elaborately annotated edition of the books _Against Apion_ by J. G. Mueller. The best modern works on the Roman history of the period are Mommsen's _Roman Provinces_, and Merivale's _History of the Roman Empire_; and of the literature of the contemporaries of Josephus, the _Annals_ and _Histories_ of Tacitus and the _Lives of the Caesars_ by Suetonius are the most valuable historical sources. For Jewish history, the fullest account is provided by Schuerer's _Geschichte des juedischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu_ (fourth edition), which contains a thorough criticism of Josephus and the best general investigation into his sources. The work has been translated into English. Joel's _Blicke in die Religionsgeschichte_ is suggestive upon certain aspects of the period. Graetz, of course, deals with the events, and in the _Stories of the Nations Series_ (Putnam) there is a volume on _The Jews under the Romans_ by Hosmer, which is readable. The opening chapters of Berliner's _Die Juden in Rom_, and of Vogelstein and Rieger's _Geschichte der Juden in Rom_ (Berlin, 1895) are concerned with the relations of Jews and Romans in the first century; and a series of articles on the same subject by Hils, in the _Revue des etudes juives_ (vols. viii and xi), is noteworthy. Anatole France has written two very vivid sketches of the Roman attitude to the Jews, which give a better impression of the inner conflict between the two peoples than any strictly historical work, "Gallion" in _Sur la pierre blanche_, and "Le Procurateur de Judee" in _L'etui de nacre_. Among critical studies of Josephus as an historian the most striking works are: Schlatter, _Zur Topographie und Geschichte Palaestinas_ (Stuttgart, 1893). Bloch, _Die Quellen des Flavius Josephus_ (Leipzig, 1879). Nussbaum, _Observationen in Flavius Josephus_ (Goettingen, 1875). Destinon, _Die Chronologie des Josephus_ (Kiel, 1880) and _Die Quellen des Josephus_ (1882). Buechler, A., _Les Sources de Josephe_, R.E.J. xxii. and xxiv., and _The Sources of Josephus for the History of Syria_, J.Q.R. ix. Holscher, G., _Die Quellen des Josephus_, etc. (Leipzig, 1904). For the relation of Josephus to the Bible and Jewish tradition, the following monographs may be consulted: Duschak, _Josephus und die Tradition_ (Vienna, 1864). Olitzki, _Flavius Josephus und die Halacha_ (Berlin, 1885). Schlatter, _Die hebraeischen Namen bei Josephus_ (Guetersloh, 1913). Gruenbaum, _Die Priester-Gesetze bei Fl. Josephus_ (1887).