Second. The standard is set for what organisms shall be counted and those which need not be. It is said that micrococci need not be counted because of the difficulty in distinguishing them from “particles of clay, etc.,” and not upon their power to produce decomposition. When an organism is a coccus and when rod shaped is not easily settled, even with the aid of pure cultures and high power objectives. More than one organism has found a home first in one group and then in the other, and differentiation with the low power obtained by an 8 mm objective is impossible. There are always present some very large rods, but there may be more very short ones which may not be counted, and there is nearly always a diplococcus present, which, with the magnification used, is difficult to differentiate from a rod. There are four forms associated with rot and tomato diseases which have been carefully studied—all rods, but very small ones. Ps. fluorescence, 0.68×1.17-1.86; Ps. michiganense, 0.35-0.4×0.8-1.0; B. carotovorus, 0.7-1.0×1.5-5; and B. solanacearum, 0.5×1.5. Bacillus subtilis, .7×2-8 and some lactic acid forming varieties are always present. It is clearly a matter of judgment on the part of the examiner as to which organisms he will count and which he will not attempt to count. A personal equation is thus introduced which nullifies the possibilities of scientific accuracy. The yeasts and spores are counted together. They can not be separated under the microscope, neither can they be differentiated from contracted protozoa which may be present in large numbers. In counting these, it is not always possible to distinguish the smaller yeast cells and smaller spores from the refractive bodies which are formed in some mold hyphae when these are impoverished, and which are liberated if thorough shaking of the sample be done. The yeasts found in pulp and ketchup are more likely to be “wild yeasts” and these are, as a general thing, smaller than the cultivated, sporulate more readily, and have more highly refractive spores. Then, some of the so-called molds found form minute conidia and when these and the yeasts are mixed with the detritus of the tomato and the mass subjected to heat, with the consequent changes, the accuracy of the count becomes a somewhat problematical matter. A careful examination of the kind and condition of the hyphae present might assist materially in making some distinction.