Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of WattFerguson, Eugene S.
History
Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of Watt
Ferguson, Eugene S.
Machinery, Kinematics of
This letter stirred no pens in reply, and during the next 10 years the
problem merely led to the filling of a few academic pages by Peaucellier
and Amédée Mannheim (1831-1906), also a graduate of Ecole Polytechnique,
a professor of mathematics, and the designer of the Mannheim slide rule.
Finally, in 1873, Captain Peaucellier gave his solution to the readers
of the _Nouvelles Annales_. His reasoning, which has a distinct flavor
of discovery by hindsight, was that since a linkage generates a curve
that can be expressed algebraically, it must follow that any algebraic
curve can be generated by a suitable linkage--it was only necessary to
find the suitable linkage. He then gave a neat geometric proof,
suggested by Mannheim, for his straight-line "compound compass."[42]
[Footnote 42: Charles-Nicholas Peaucellier, "Note sur une question de
geométrie de compas," _Nouvelles Annales de mathématiques_, 1873, ser.
2, vol. 12, pp. 71-78. A sketch of Mannheim's work is in Florian Cajori,
_A History of the Logarithmic Slide Rule_, New York, about 1910,
reprinted in _String Figures and Other Monographs_, New York, Chelsea
Publishing Company, 1960.]
On a Friday evening in January 1874 Albemarle Street in London was
filled with carriages, each maneuvering to unload its charge of
gentlemen and their ladies at the door of the venerable hall of the
Royal Institution. Amidst a "mighty rustling of silks," the elegant
crowd made its way to the auditorium for one of the famous weekly
lectures. The speaker on this occasion was James Joseph Sylvester, a
small intense man with an enormous head, sometime professor of
mathematics at the University of Virginia, in America, and more recently
at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich. He spoke from the same
rostrum that had been occupied by Davy, Faraday, Tyndall, Maxwell, and
many other notable scientists. Professor Sylvester's subject was "Recent
Discoveries in Mechanical Conversion of Motion."[43]
[Footnote 43: Sylvester, _op. cit._ (footnote 41), pp. 179-198. It
appears from a comment in this lecture that Sylvester was responsible
for the word "linkage." According to Sylvester, a linkage consists of an
even number of links, a "link-work" of an odd number. Since the fixed
member was not considered as a link by Sylvester, this distinction
became utterly confusing when Reuleaux's work was published in 1876.
Although "link" was used by Watt in a patent specification, it is not
probable that he ever used the term "link-work"--at any rate, my search
for his use of it has been fruitless. "Link work" is used by Willis
(_op. cit._ footnote 21), but the term most likely did not originate
with him. I have not found the word "linkage" used earlier than
Sylvester.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account