Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of WattFerguson, Eugene S.
History
Kinematics of Mechanisms from the Time of Watt
Ferguson, Eugene S.
Machinery, Kinematics of
Sylvester interrupted his panegyric long enough to enumerate some of the
practical results of the Peaucellier linkage. He said that Mr. Penrose,
the eminent architect and surveyor to St. Paul's Cathedral, had "put up
a house-pump worked by a negative Peaucellier cell, to the great
wonderment of the plumber employed, who could hardly believe his senses
when he saw the sling attached to the piston-rod moving in a true
vertical line, instead of wobbling as usual from side to side."
Sylvester could see no reason "why the perfect parallel motion should
not be employed with equal advantage in the construction of ordinary
water-closets." The linkage was to be employed by "a gentleman of
fortune" in a marine engine for his yacht, and there was talk of using
it to guide a piston rod "in certain machinery connected with some new
apparatus for the ventilation and filtration of the air of the Houses of
Parliament." In due course, Mr. Prim, "engineer to the Houses," was
pleased to show his adaptation of the Peaucellier linkage to his new
blowing engines, which proved to be exceptionally quiet in their
operation (fig. 25).[47] A bit on the ludicrous side, also, was
Sylvester's 78-bar linkage that traced a straight line along the line
connecting the two fixed centers of the linkage.[48]
[Footnote 47: _Ibid._, pp. 182, 183, 188, 193.]
[Footnote 48: Kempe, _op. cit._ (footnote 21), p. 17.]
[Illustration: Figure 25.--Mr. Prim's blowing engine used for
ventilating the House of Commons, 1877. The crosshead of the
reciprocating air pump is guided by a Peaucellier linkage shown at the
center. The slate-lined air cylinders had rubber-flap inlet and exhaust
valves and a piston whose periphery was formed by two rows of brush
bristles. Prim's machine was driven by a steam engine. Photograph by
Science Museum, London.]
Before dismissing with a smile the quaint ideas of our Victorian
forbears, however, it is well to ask, 88 years later, whether some
rather elaborate work reported recently on the synthesis of
straight-line mechanisms is more to the point, when the principal
objective appears to be the moving of an indicator on a "pleasing,
expanded" (i.e., squashed flat) radio dial.[49]
[Footnote 49: _Machine Design_, December 1954, vol. 26, p. 210.]
But Professor Sylvester was more interested, really, in the mathematical
possibilities of the Peaucellier linkage, as no doubt our modern
investigators are. Through a compounding of Peaucellier mechanisms, he
had already devised square-root and cube-root extractors, an angle
trisector, and a quadratic-binomial root extractor, and he could see no
limits to the computing abilities of linkages as yet undiscovered.[50]
[Footnote 50: Sylvester, _op. cit._ (footnote 41), p. 191.]
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