King Arthur in history and legendJones, William Lewis
History
King Arthur in history and legend
Jones, William Lewis
Arthur, King; Arthurian romances -- History and criticism
But that battle, according to Nennius, was the one of all the twelve
recorded by him in which Arthur gave the most signal evidence of his
individual prowess; before his single onset “nine hundred and sixty
men” fell. Now Gildas, an unimpeachable sixth century authority,
makes no reference whatever to Arthur’s achievements in this, or any
other, encounter with the Saxons. This silence, so far as it affects
the historicity of Arthur, is less disturbing than it appears to be,
when account is taken of the character and motive of Gildas’s work as
a whole. The _De Excidio_ is not so much a history as a homily. Gildas
belonged to a “Romanist” party, and what the more or less unorganised
Britons sought to do for themselves, and their independence, was
to him but a decline upon savagery and selfish native pride. It
did not suit his purpose to celebrate the name and virtues of any
British prince, and it is significant that, apart from Ambrosius,--by
birth, apparently, no less than by his training and sympathies, a
thorough-going “Roman,”--he does not mention by name a single British
chieftain except as a target for his invective.
In the _mirabilia_ attached to Nennius’s _History_ Arthur is a
mythical figure as remote and as elusive as he is in early Welsh
poetry and triadic lore. In them, as in the earliest Welsh poems, he
is pre-eminently Arthur “the warrior,” but he is known besides as the
owner of a famous hound, and as the father of a son whose name had
been given to one of the natural features of the country. The first
“marvel,” in connection with which Arthur’s name occurs, is in the
region of Buelt, or Builth. Here, we are told, is a mound of stones,
on the top of which is one stone bearing the mark of a dog’s foot.
This mark was made by Cabal, “the dog of Arthur the warrior” (_Arthuri
militis_), when he was hunting “the boar Troit” (_porcum Troit_). The
pile of stones was put together by Arthur, and is called Carn, or the
Cairn of, Cabal. The marvel lay in the fact that, though men might come
and carry away the top stone “for the space of a day and a night,” the
stone was invariably found in its proper place the next day. Another
marvel, described in immediate succession, belongs to “the region which
is called Ercing,” or Archenfield. There may be found a tomb close by
a spring which is called the Source of the Amir,--_juxta fontem qui
cognominatur Licat Amir_, after the name of the man who was buried
there. This Amir was the son of “Arthur the warrior,” who himself
killed, and buried him, on that spot. The “marvellous” property of this
tomb was that, when men came to measure it, at various times, they
never found it of the same size; “and,” the writer ingenuously adds, “I
have made proof of this by myself” (_et ego solus probavi_). These two
_miracula_, as he calls them, are all that Nennius, or his authority,
has to tell us of the mythical, as distinguished from the historical,
Arthur.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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