King Arthur in history and legendJones, William Lewis
History
King Arthur in history and legend
Jones, William Lewis
Arthur, King; Arthurian romances -- History and criticism
These apparently casual records of Arthurian marvels are noteworthy,
not only as indicating an early association of Arthurian traditions
with the topography of Wales, but also as affording a connecting link
between the earliest Latin documents in which Arthur’s name is found
and one of the very oldest of the Welsh Arthurian tales. In the Welsh
romance, or rather fairy-tale, of _Kulhwch and Olwen_,--the primitive
literary form of which probably dates from the tenth century,[30]--the
hunting of the _Twrch Trwyth_, or the Boar Trwyth (the _porcus Troit_
of Nennius), forms one of the capital features. Now, in that hunt, as
described in _Kulhwch and Olwen_, Arthur’s dog Cabal, or Cavall,--which
is the Welsh form of the name,--takes part; he is led to the chase by
Arthur’s faithful henchman, Bedwyr, or Bedivere.[31] Nor was it in
bringing to bay “the boar Troit” alone that Cavall took part. He was
conspicuous in the capture and the slaughter of another monster, who is
called an Arch- or Head-Boar, bearing the fearsome name of “Yskithyrwyn
Benbaedd.” “And Arthur,” we read,[32] “went himself to the chase,
leading his own dog Cavall. And Kaw, of North Britain, mounted Arthur’s
mare Llamrei, and was first in the attack. Then Kaw, of North Britain,
wielded a mighty axe, and absolutely daring he came valiantly up to the
boar, and clave his head in twain. And Kaw took away the tusk. Now the
boar was not slain by the dogs that Yspaddaden had mentioned, but by
Cavall, Arthur’s own dog.”[33]
The battle of Mount Badon, as we have seen, is recorded in the
_Annales Cambriæ_, contained in a MS of the tenth century. Still more
interesting is another record in that document under the year 537. In
that year, we read, was fought “the battle of Camlan, in which Arthur
and Medraut fell.” Although we hear nothing of Medraut’s treachery, or
of his being Arthur’s nephew, here, so far as we know, is the first
recorded allusion to what subsequently became one of the prime tragic
features in Arthurian story. Medrod, or Modred, is the villain of the
romances, and Camlan is that “dim, weird battle of the west,” where
Arthur fought the “traitor of his house,” and
“Striking the last stroke with Excalibur
Slew him, and all but slain himself, he fell.”[34]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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