King Arthur in history and legendJones, William Lewis
History
King Arthur in history and legend
Jones, William Lewis
Arthur, King; Arthurian romances -- History and criticism
Then follows a reference, based upon Nennius’s narrative, to the battle
of Mount Badon. This passage, although somewhat confused in its account
of the relative positions of Vortigern, Ambrosius and Arthur in the
events of their time, is significant as indicating not only Arthur’s
fame as a fabled British hero in William’s day, but the historian’s
own regret at the absence of authentic information about a warrior
so worthy of lasting commemoration. Another noteworthy reference to
Arthur in William of Malmesbury’s history occurs in his account of the
discovery in Pembrokeshire of the grave of Gawain, “Arthur’s noble
nephew.”[42] Gawain, we are told, “was driven from his kingdom by the
brother and nephew of Hengist,” and “he deservedly shared, with his
uncle, the praise of retarding for many years the calamity of his
falling country. The grave of Arthur is nowhere to be seen; hence
ancient songs fable that he is still to come.” Here we have positive
evidence that, long before Geoffrey’s time, Arthur’s “return” was sung
of by British bards whose compositions, with the solitary exception of
the stanza in ‘The Songs of the Graves,’ already referred to, appear to
have been irretrievably lost.
Henry of Huntingdon is not so trustworthy a chronicler as William of
Malmesbury, and his account of Arthur is, substantially, borrowed, with
embellishments, from Nennius. Henry’s place in a review of Arthurian
records is due not to his _History_, but to a letter, addressed to a
friend named Warinus,[43] which singularly attests the interest then
felt in the history of Arthur. That letter recounts how Henry, while
on a journey to Rome in the year 1139, stopped at the abbey of Bec in
Normandy and was there shown by the chronicler, Robert of Torigni, a
“great book,” written by one “Geoffrey Arthur,” containing a history
of the early kings of Britain. The book in question was, almost
certainly, an early draft of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s famous _Historia
Regum Britanniæ_. But it is curious to find that Henry’s abstract of
the book, as given in the letter to Warinus, differs in one important
respect--and that alone concerns us at this stage--from the text of
Geoffrey’s _History_ as given in all the MSS of that work in its final
form. Geoffrey’s account of the “passing” of Arthur--an incident which
offered to so imaginative a writer unrivalled opportunities of romantic
decoration--is singularly devoid of ornament. Henry’s abstract of
this part of the book which he found at Bec is, on the other hand, a
highly-coloured piece of writing.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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