King Arthur in history and legendJones, William Lewis
History
King Arthur in history and legend
Jones, William Lewis
Arthur, King; Arthurian romances -- History and criticism
A still more remarkable poem,--the last that remains to be noticed,--in
which certain strange deeds of Arthur are commemorated, is found in
_The Book of Taliesin_ under the name of ‘Preiddeu Annwvn,’ or ‘The
Spoils of Hades.’ It refers to various expeditions made by Arthur and
his men, in his ship Pridwen to certain mysterious regions oversea.
Definite names enough are given to the different places visited--Caer
Sidi, Caer Rigor, Caer Vandwy, and so on,--but the places themselves
remain quite unidentified. “Three freights of Pridwen,” sings the
bard, “were they who went with Arthur” on these expeditions; “seven
alone were we who returned” therefrom. One of the exploits achieved in
the course of these voyages was, apparently, the rape of a cauldron
belonging to the King of Hades, and the whole poem, according to
Rhys,[57] “evidently deals with expeditions conducted by Arthur by sea
to the realms of twilight and darkness.”
The last two poems here referred to have several features in common
with what is, probably, the oldest of the Arthurian prose tales in
Welsh,--the story of _Kulhwch and Olwen_. That story also tells of the
rape of a cauldron, belonging not, indeed, to the King of Hades, but
to one Diwrnach, who lived across the sea in Ireland; Arthur went in
quest of it, with a small retinue, in his ship Pridwen, and brought it
home “full of Irish money.” The second of the two poems refers to “a
speckled ox” (_ych brych_), and the acquisition of “a speckled ox” was
one of the tasks imposed upon Kulhwch by Olwen’s father as part of the
price to be paid for her hand. Again, nearly all the persons mentioned
in _The Black Book_ dialogue between Arthur and Glewlwyd figure also in
_Kulhwch and Olwen_. So, where the oldest Welsh Arthurian poetry comes
into contact with the oldest Welsh prose, the Arthur that we find dimly
outlined in both is a purely mythical hero.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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